NURS 3031 final exam: weeks 7-11
update
folic acid supplement dose recommendation in pregnancy - ANSWERS-400mcg
(0.4mg) daily in addition to folate rich diet
-ppl w/ fam hx or diabetes may be recommended higher dose
purpose of folic acid during pregnancy - ANSWERS-decrease risk of neural tube
defects
-neural tube starts to develop at 3-4weeks gestation
sources of folic acid - ANSWERS-green leafy vegetables
-baked beans
-citrus fruits
-peanuts
-liver
-fortified cereals and other grain products
how many calories extra should a pregnant women be consuming - ANSWERS400-500
calories a day extra (especially in 2nd and 3rd trimesters)
normal BMI - ANSWERS18.5-24.9
Underweight BMI - ANSWERS<18.5
Obese BMI - ANSWERSover 30
Overweight BMI - ANSWERS25-29.9
How to calculate BMI - ANSWERSweight (kg) / height (m^2)
how much of an increase is required in protein intake in pregnancy -
ANSWERS+25grams
During pregnancy do individuals require vitamin and mineral supplements or can a
proper diet supply the needed vitamins and minerals? - ANSWERS-With the exception
of folate and iron, nutrient needs of most pregnant client's care be met through dietary
sources
-Maternity vitamin with iron and folic acid
RDA for iron during pregnancy - ANSWERS27 mg/day
Iron sources - ANSWERS-liver
-red meats
,-whole grain/enriched breads and cereals
-deep leafy green veggies
-legumes
-dried fruits
-patients who have iron deficiency anemia during early pregnancy are at increased risk
for ...
-iron deficiency during what semester does not carry the same risks??? - ANSWERS-
preterm birth and low birthweight infants
-3rd trimester
Foods to avoid during pregnancy - ANSWERS-fish high in mercury
-unpasteurized milk or products (soft cheese)
-foods w/ raw/uncooked eggs
-hot dogs, deli meats
Foods to limit during pregnancy - ANSWERScaffeine and artificial sweeteners
recommendation for management of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy -
ANSWERS-small snacks frequently and avoid big meals
-bread and crackers as soon as they wake up
-avoid spicy and greasy foods
distribution of weight for: fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid - ANSWERS11lb (5kg)
distribution of weight for: uterus - ANSWERS2lb (0.9kg)
distribution of weight for increased blood volume - ANSWERS4lb (1.8kg)
distribution of weight for breast tissue - ANSWERS3lb (1.4kg)
distribution of weight for maternal stores - ANSWERS5-10lb (2.3-4.5kg)
Recommended weight gain during pregnancy - ANSWERS-1st trimester: 3-5lbs
-2nd-3rd trimesters: avg. 1lb/week
-by 26 weeks they have gained 16lbs
consequences of high birth weight - ANSWERS-prolonged labour and birth
-birth trauma
-birth asphyxia
-cesarean birth
-increased risk of perinatal mortality
nutrition needs during lactation are - ANSWERSsimilar to those during pregnancy w/
increased calorie consumption
, recommended that infants be _____ for the first 6months of life and why - ANSWERS-
exclusively breastfed
-human breast milk is species specific
most common reason that clients stop breastfeeding - ANSWERSperceptions that they
don't have enough milk production but most of the time there always is
benefits of breastfeeding for mother - ANSWERS-financially inexpensive
-bonding and convenience
-oxytocin is released to help contract uterus
-weight loss from burning extra calories
benefits of breastfeeding for baby - ANSWERS-easily digested
-immunoglobulin A helps w/ immune system (less likely to get ear and GI infections)
-decreased risk of SIDs, food allergy, asthma
how often do breastfed babies feed while compared to formula fed - ANSWERS-fed
more frequently
-they digest the food faster
Lactogenesis process - ANSWERS-ductules enlarge into lactiferous ducts and sinuses
where milk collects behind the nipple
-each nipple has pores where milk is transferred to suckling infant
after birth, a precipitate decrease in ____ and _____ levels triggers release of... -
ANSWERS-estrogen and progesterone levels
-prolactin from anterior pituitary gland
what does infant suckling result in - ANSWERS-rise in prolactin levels
-stimulates oxytocin ("milk ejection reflex")
-contracts uterus (afterpains)
colostrum - ANSWERS-begins in pregnancy and continues for first few days after birth
-thicker than mature milk, yellow appearance
-contains more protein, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals and high levels of
immunoglobulins
transitional milk - ANSWERS-replaces colostrum 2-3 days after birth until approx 2
weeks
-increased level of fat, protein, vitamins, and more calories than colostrum
Foremilk - ANSWERShigh water content and contains vitamins, proteins, and lactose
Hindmilk - ANSWERSmilk at end of feed; higher in fat
when to start breastfeeding - ANSWERSw/in first 30min-1hr after birth
update
folic acid supplement dose recommendation in pregnancy - ANSWERS-400mcg
(0.4mg) daily in addition to folate rich diet
-ppl w/ fam hx or diabetes may be recommended higher dose
purpose of folic acid during pregnancy - ANSWERS-decrease risk of neural tube
defects
-neural tube starts to develop at 3-4weeks gestation
sources of folic acid - ANSWERS-green leafy vegetables
-baked beans
-citrus fruits
-peanuts
-liver
-fortified cereals and other grain products
how many calories extra should a pregnant women be consuming - ANSWERS400-500
calories a day extra (especially in 2nd and 3rd trimesters)
normal BMI - ANSWERS18.5-24.9
Underweight BMI - ANSWERS<18.5
Obese BMI - ANSWERSover 30
Overweight BMI - ANSWERS25-29.9
How to calculate BMI - ANSWERSweight (kg) / height (m^2)
how much of an increase is required in protein intake in pregnancy -
ANSWERS+25grams
During pregnancy do individuals require vitamin and mineral supplements or can a
proper diet supply the needed vitamins and minerals? - ANSWERS-With the exception
of folate and iron, nutrient needs of most pregnant client's care be met through dietary
sources
-Maternity vitamin with iron and folic acid
RDA for iron during pregnancy - ANSWERS27 mg/day
Iron sources - ANSWERS-liver
-red meats
,-whole grain/enriched breads and cereals
-deep leafy green veggies
-legumes
-dried fruits
-patients who have iron deficiency anemia during early pregnancy are at increased risk
for ...
-iron deficiency during what semester does not carry the same risks??? - ANSWERS-
preterm birth and low birthweight infants
-3rd trimester
Foods to avoid during pregnancy - ANSWERS-fish high in mercury
-unpasteurized milk or products (soft cheese)
-foods w/ raw/uncooked eggs
-hot dogs, deli meats
Foods to limit during pregnancy - ANSWERScaffeine and artificial sweeteners
recommendation for management of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy -
ANSWERS-small snacks frequently and avoid big meals
-bread and crackers as soon as they wake up
-avoid spicy and greasy foods
distribution of weight for: fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid - ANSWERS11lb (5kg)
distribution of weight for: uterus - ANSWERS2lb (0.9kg)
distribution of weight for increased blood volume - ANSWERS4lb (1.8kg)
distribution of weight for breast tissue - ANSWERS3lb (1.4kg)
distribution of weight for maternal stores - ANSWERS5-10lb (2.3-4.5kg)
Recommended weight gain during pregnancy - ANSWERS-1st trimester: 3-5lbs
-2nd-3rd trimesters: avg. 1lb/week
-by 26 weeks they have gained 16lbs
consequences of high birth weight - ANSWERS-prolonged labour and birth
-birth trauma
-birth asphyxia
-cesarean birth
-increased risk of perinatal mortality
nutrition needs during lactation are - ANSWERSsimilar to those during pregnancy w/
increased calorie consumption
, recommended that infants be _____ for the first 6months of life and why - ANSWERS-
exclusively breastfed
-human breast milk is species specific
most common reason that clients stop breastfeeding - ANSWERSperceptions that they
don't have enough milk production but most of the time there always is
benefits of breastfeeding for mother - ANSWERS-financially inexpensive
-bonding and convenience
-oxytocin is released to help contract uterus
-weight loss from burning extra calories
benefits of breastfeeding for baby - ANSWERS-easily digested
-immunoglobulin A helps w/ immune system (less likely to get ear and GI infections)
-decreased risk of SIDs, food allergy, asthma
how often do breastfed babies feed while compared to formula fed - ANSWERS-fed
more frequently
-they digest the food faster
Lactogenesis process - ANSWERS-ductules enlarge into lactiferous ducts and sinuses
where milk collects behind the nipple
-each nipple has pores where milk is transferred to suckling infant
after birth, a precipitate decrease in ____ and _____ levels triggers release of... -
ANSWERS-estrogen and progesterone levels
-prolactin from anterior pituitary gland
what does infant suckling result in - ANSWERS-rise in prolactin levels
-stimulates oxytocin ("milk ejection reflex")
-contracts uterus (afterpains)
colostrum - ANSWERS-begins in pregnancy and continues for first few days after birth
-thicker than mature milk, yellow appearance
-contains more protein, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals and high levels of
immunoglobulins
transitional milk - ANSWERS-replaces colostrum 2-3 days after birth until approx 2
weeks
-increased level of fat, protein, vitamins, and more calories than colostrum
Foremilk - ANSWERShigh water content and contains vitamins, proteins, and lactose
Hindmilk - ANSWERSmilk at end of feed; higher in fat
when to start breastfeeding - ANSWERSw/in first 30min-1hr after birth
