NSG 5003 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
In the mouth and stomach, salivary α-amylase initiates the digestion of which nutrients?
a. Proteins c. Fats b. Carbohydrates d. Fiber - ANSWER B: cabohydrates
Salivary α-amylase is an enzyme that initiates only carbohydrate digestion in the mouth
and stomach.
What components of saliva prevent tooth decay? a. Salivary α-amylase and ptyalin b.
Secretin and IgA c. Endogenous enamelin and salivary β-amylase d. Exogenous fluoride
and a pH of 7.4 - ANSWER D: exogenous fluoride pH 7.4
The bicarbonate content of saliva keeps the pH at approximately 7.4, which neutralizes
bacterial acids and dental caries. Exogenous fluoride, for example in drinking water, is
ingested then secreted in saliva supplementing this protection against dental caries.
None of the other choices account for decay prevention.
Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)? a. IgA c. IgG b. IgE d. IgM - ANSWER A: IgA
Saliva contains only IgA, which prevents infection.
What effect does inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug like
atropine have? a. Salivation becomes thinner. c. The pH of saliva changes. b. Salivation
decreases. d. Digestive enzymes are inhibited. - ANSWER b: salivation decreases
Salivation is under the control of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the
autonomic nervous system. Because cholinergic parasympathetic fibers stimulate the
salivary glands, atropine-an anticholinergic agent-inhibits salivation and causes drying
of the mouth. The other choices are not effects of atropinelike drugs.
What sphincter does food pass through to enter the stomach? a. Cardiac c. Gastric b.
Upper esophagus d. Fundal - ANSWER A: cardiac
Each end of the esophagus is opened and closed by a sphincter. The upper esophageal
sphincter, or cricopharyngeal muscle, prevents air from entering the esophagus during
respiration. The lower esophageal sphincter, or cardiac sphincter, prevents
regurgitation from the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter is located near the
esophageal hiatus-the opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus ends at the
stomach. The cardiac sphincter is the only one that fulfills the function described in this
, question.
Which of the following kinds of gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic
factor? a. Parietal c. G b. Chief d. H - ANSWER A: Parietal
Of the cell types listed, only the parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete hydrochloric acid
and intrinsic factor.
Which of the following stomach cells secrete histamine? a. Oxyntic c. D b. Chief d.
Enterochromaffin-like - ANSWER D: Enterochromaffin-like
Of the cell types listed, only enterochromaffin-like cells secrete histamine.
Which hormones does the presence of chyme in the duodenum stimulate? a. Motilin and
histamine b. Secretin and cholecystokinin c. Enteroglucagon and gastric inhibitory
peptide d. Somatostatin and acetylcholine -ANSWER b: secretin and cholecytokinin
Entry of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum triggers the intestinal phase of
secretion. This phase reflects a slowing of the gastric secretory response; however, the
presence of digested protein and amino acids in the duodenum continues to stimulate
some gastric secretion. Secretin and cholecystokinin stimulate pancreatic secretions
and inhibit gastric secretions. This option is the only one that appropriately identifies
those hormones involved and that are stimulated by the presence of chyme within the
duodenum.
Which of the following hormones decreases acid and pepsinogen secretion and
decreases gastrin release? a. Bombesin c. Somatostatin b. Histamine d. Acetylcholine
-ANSWER ANS: C Of the options available, only somatostatin inhibits the secretion of
acid and pepsinogen and decreases gastrin release.
Which enzyme breaks down protein-forming polypeptides in the stomach? a.
Acetylcholine c. Gastrin b. Pepsin d. Secretin - ANSWER ANS: B Of the options
available, only pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme, breaks down protein-forming polypeptides
in the stomach.
Which of the following offers protection to the gastric mucosal barrier? a.
Prostaglandins c. Helicobacter pylori b. Aspirin d. Regurgitated bile - ANSWER ANS: A
Prostaglandins and enterogastrones, such as gastric inhibitory peptide, somatostatin,
In the mouth and stomach, salivary α-amylase initiates the digestion of which nutrients?
a. Proteins c. Fats b. Carbohydrates d. Fiber - ANSWER B: cabohydrates
Salivary α-amylase is an enzyme that initiates only carbohydrate digestion in the mouth
and stomach.
What components of saliva prevent tooth decay? a. Salivary α-amylase and ptyalin b.
Secretin and IgA c. Endogenous enamelin and salivary β-amylase d. Exogenous fluoride
and a pH of 7.4 - ANSWER D: exogenous fluoride pH 7.4
The bicarbonate content of saliva keeps the pH at approximately 7.4, which neutralizes
bacterial acids and dental caries. Exogenous fluoride, for example in drinking water, is
ingested then secreted in saliva supplementing this protection against dental caries.
None of the other choices account for decay prevention.
Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)? a. IgA c. IgG b. IgE d. IgM - ANSWER A: IgA
Saliva contains only IgA, which prevents infection.
What effect does inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug like
atropine have? a. Salivation becomes thinner. c. The pH of saliva changes. b. Salivation
decreases. d. Digestive enzymes are inhibited. - ANSWER b: salivation decreases
Salivation is under the control of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the
autonomic nervous system. Because cholinergic parasympathetic fibers stimulate the
salivary glands, atropine-an anticholinergic agent-inhibits salivation and causes drying
of the mouth. The other choices are not effects of atropinelike drugs.
What sphincter does food pass through to enter the stomach? a. Cardiac c. Gastric b.
Upper esophagus d. Fundal - ANSWER A: cardiac
Each end of the esophagus is opened and closed by a sphincter. The upper esophageal
sphincter, or cricopharyngeal muscle, prevents air from entering the esophagus during
respiration. The lower esophageal sphincter, or cardiac sphincter, prevents
regurgitation from the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter is located near the
esophageal hiatus-the opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus ends at the
stomach. The cardiac sphincter is the only one that fulfills the function described in this
, question.
Which of the following kinds of gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic
factor? a. Parietal c. G b. Chief d. H - ANSWER A: Parietal
Of the cell types listed, only the parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete hydrochloric acid
and intrinsic factor.
Which of the following stomach cells secrete histamine? a. Oxyntic c. D b. Chief d.
Enterochromaffin-like - ANSWER D: Enterochromaffin-like
Of the cell types listed, only enterochromaffin-like cells secrete histamine.
Which hormones does the presence of chyme in the duodenum stimulate? a. Motilin and
histamine b. Secretin and cholecystokinin c. Enteroglucagon and gastric inhibitory
peptide d. Somatostatin and acetylcholine -ANSWER b: secretin and cholecytokinin
Entry of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum triggers the intestinal phase of
secretion. This phase reflects a slowing of the gastric secretory response; however, the
presence of digested protein and amino acids in the duodenum continues to stimulate
some gastric secretion. Secretin and cholecystokinin stimulate pancreatic secretions
and inhibit gastric secretions. This option is the only one that appropriately identifies
those hormones involved and that are stimulated by the presence of chyme within the
duodenum.
Which of the following hormones decreases acid and pepsinogen secretion and
decreases gastrin release? a. Bombesin c. Somatostatin b. Histamine d. Acetylcholine
-ANSWER ANS: C Of the options available, only somatostatin inhibits the secretion of
acid and pepsinogen and decreases gastrin release.
Which enzyme breaks down protein-forming polypeptides in the stomach? a.
Acetylcholine c. Gastrin b. Pepsin d. Secretin - ANSWER ANS: B Of the options
available, only pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme, breaks down protein-forming polypeptides
in the stomach.
Which of the following offers protection to the gastric mucosal barrier? a.
Prostaglandins c. Helicobacter pylori b. Aspirin d. Regurgitated bile - ANSWER ANS: A
Prostaglandins and enterogastrones, such as gastric inhibitory peptide, somatostatin,
