NUR 155 Perioperative Review Questions and Correct Answers

Describe the three phases of periop patient care Preoperative ■ Begins when the decision to proceed with surgical intervention is made, and ends with the transfer of the patient onto the OR table Intraoperative ■ Begins when the patient is transferred onto the OR table and ends with admission to the PACU Postoperative ■ Begins with the admission of the patient to the PACU and ends with a follow-up evaluation in the clinical setting or home What is included in the preoperative assessment -Health History - Vital Signs - Blood Tests, X-rays, etc -Pregnancy test for all women of child-bearing age - Identify Risk Factors for Surgery What are some health factors that affect patients preoperatively Drug/Alcohol use Respiratory status such as asthma or COPD or smoking Cardio status such as uncontrolled hypertension Hepatic or renal function Endocrine function such as diabetes Immune function such as allergies or medication reactions What are some complications that can happen in the intra-operative stage? Nausea & Vomiting Anaphylaxis Respiratory Complications: Hypoxia Hypothermia Malignant Hyperthermia What are some risk factors for the intra-operative stage? emergency surgery, unplanned changes in procedure, patient with higher BMI, multiple surgeons involved, multiple procedures, multiple personnel in OR involved in the surgery, and case duration that covers multiple nursing "shifts" What are some potential complications in the post-operative stage? Hypotension / Shock ■ Result of blood loss, hypoventilation, position changes, pooling of blood in extremities, side effects of meds - Hemorrhage ■ Early s/s: feelings of apprehension, decreased cardiac output, breathing labored (air hunger). - Hypertension / Arrhythmias ■ HTN-secondary to pain, hypoxia, bladder distention ■ Arrhythmias-secondary to electrolyte imbalance, pain, stress, hypothermia, altered Respiratory function, anesthetics