RHS 226 Final
- Competence new skills ---> enhanced confidence
- Emotion regulation: managing intensity and expression
- Autonomy: self- reliance (e.g., in problem solving)
- Interpersonal relationships: increased intimacy and respect for individual differences
- Identity: who am I? Interests, skills, culture groups
- Purpose: Goals, values, aspirations, commitments
- Integrity: Congruence between values and behaviors; between thoughts and feelings - correct answer
✔✔Chickering's Theory: 7 Vectors of Change
Self- Authorship - correct answer ✔✔The capacity to define one's beliefs, identity and relationship; being
inner- directed rather than acting according to uncritically assimilated values of others; developing an
internal locus of evaluation
Theory of Self- Authorship - correct answer ✔✔- 1. To meet challenges of adulthood, emerging adults
need to develop epistemologically, interpersonally, and intrapersonally
- Epistemologically: You need to develop to new ways to think about how you learned
- Interpersonally: Need to develop with people
- Intrapersonally: Need to develop within, self-knowledge
- 2. Emerging adults need to consider, but not be overwhelmed by, external influences
- Pay attention to the world around you but do not be overwhelmed by it
- 3. Emerging adults need to develop coherent identities that are anti-racist, non- sexist, and not
homophobic in order to interact effectively with diverse others in a pluralistic society and workforce
- 76% of employers want college graduates to have better teamwork skills than current employees have
Sanford's Theory of Challenges and Support - correct answer ✔✔- Challenge: Situation where a student
lacks knowledge or skills to cope effectively
- Support: Environmental factors to help students successfully meet challenges (e.g., friends, mentors,
family, clubs) Challenges generate stress
,- Sufficient support is needed to offset stress and promote growth Too much challenge: no growth;
frustration; lack of persistence; avoidance of challenging situation - Challenges can be greater for
students who are members of culturally marginalized groups, returning adults, and first- generation
students
- Too much support: resilience and self- trust do not develop (e.g., "helicopter" or "lawn- mower"
parents)
Phinney's Theory of Racial and Ethnic Identity Development - correct answer ✔✔- Diffusion-
Foreclosure: No commitments made, Commitments made without explanation
- Moratorium: A state where adolescents are actively exploring options but have not yet made
commitments
- Identity Achievement: The long process by which adolescents form a stable self- identification
Super's Theory of Career Development across lifespan - correct answer ✔✔- Career decision: Making a
lifetime process reflecting the expression of one's self concept - Developmental stages
---> Growth (4-13)
---> Exploration (14-24)
---> Establishment (25-45)
---> Maintenance (45-64)
---> Disengagement (65 plus) - Key assumptions: People's vocational preferences change over time|
Personal background influences career oprotunities
Perry's Theory of Cognitive Development - correct answer ✔✔- Dualism: The belief that every problem is
solvable, the students are to learn the right answers and that one must obey authorities
- Multiplicity: There are two types of problems: solvable and also problems that the answer is not yet
know
- Relativism: All proposed solutions are supported by reasons, i.e., must be viewed in context and
relative to support
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development - correct answer ✔✔- Pre- Conventional
- Conventional
- Post- Conventional
, Park's Theory of Faith Development - correct answer ✔✔Young adulthood is a critical point of life where
faith develops
Hettler's Model of Wellness - correct answer ✔✔- Occupational- College students need the most help
here
- Physical- most important to college students overall
- Social
- Intellectual
- Spiritual- least important to college students overall
- Emotional
Healthy Minds Network - correct answer ✔✔- Founded in 2007 at the University of Michigan (Dr.
Eisenburg and students)
- Conduct the study of Healthy Minds Study
- Annual survey of students in the general campus population of 400+ colleges and universities
- Data from more than 500,000 students
- Survey, national, non- clinical
The Center of Collegiate Mental Health - correct answer ✔✔- What? A practice- research network of
800+ college counseling centers
- Where? Centrally housed at Penn State
- When? Since 2008
- Why? To collect and analyze national data on college student mental health and its treatment
- How? Administer standard measures to students seeking counseling and to their counselors
- Does not study on the general campus population
- Not survey, national, clinical, largest data set
Penn State Core - correct answer ✔✔- Only studies at Penn State
- Survey, local, non- clinical, smallest data set
- Competence new skills ---> enhanced confidence
- Emotion regulation: managing intensity and expression
- Autonomy: self- reliance (e.g., in problem solving)
- Interpersonal relationships: increased intimacy and respect for individual differences
- Identity: who am I? Interests, skills, culture groups
- Purpose: Goals, values, aspirations, commitments
- Integrity: Congruence between values and behaviors; between thoughts and feelings - correct answer
✔✔Chickering's Theory: 7 Vectors of Change
Self- Authorship - correct answer ✔✔The capacity to define one's beliefs, identity and relationship; being
inner- directed rather than acting according to uncritically assimilated values of others; developing an
internal locus of evaluation
Theory of Self- Authorship - correct answer ✔✔- 1. To meet challenges of adulthood, emerging adults
need to develop epistemologically, interpersonally, and intrapersonally
- Epistemologically: You need to develop to new ways to think about how you learned
- Interpersonally: Need to develop with people
- Intrapersonally: Need to develop within, self-knowledge
- 2. Emerging adults need to consider, but not be overwhelmed by, external influences
- Pay attention to the world around you but do not be overwhelmed by it
- 3. Emerging adults need to develop coherent identities that are anti-racist, non- sexist, and not
homophobic in order to interact effectively with diverse others in a pluralistic society and workforce
- 76% of employers want college graduates to have better teamwork skills than current employees have
Sanford's Theory of Challenges and Support - correct answer ✔✔- Challenge: Situation where a student
lacks knowledge or skills to cope effectively
- Support: Environmental factors to help students successfully meet challenges (e.g., friends, mentors,
family, clubs) Challenges generate stress
,- Sufficient support is needed to offset stress and promote growth Too much challenge: no growth;
frustration; lack of persistence; avoidance of challenging situation - Challenges can be greater for
students who are members of culturally marginalized groups, returning adults, and first- generation
students
- Too much support: resilience and self- trust do not develop (e.g., "helicopter" or "lawn- mower"
parents)
Phinney's Theory of Racial and Ethnic Identity Development - correct answer ✔✔- Diffusion-
Foreclosure: No commitments made, Commitments made without explanation
- Moratorium: A state where adolescents are actively exploring options but have not yet made
commitments
- Identity Achievement: The long process by which adolescents form a stable self- identification
Super's Theory of Career Development across lifespan - correct answer ✔✔- Career decision: Making a
lifetime process reflecting the expression of one's self concept - Developmental stages
---> Growth (4-13)
---> Exploration (14-24)
---> Establishment (25-45)
---> Maintenance (45-64)
---> Disengagement (65 plus) - Key assumptions: People's vocational preferences change over time|
Personal background influences career oprotunities
Perry's Theory of Cognitive Development - correct answer ✔✔- Dualism: The belief that every problem is
solvable, the students are to learn the right answers and that one must obey authorities
- Multiplicity: There are two types of problems: solvable and also problems that the answer is not yet
know
- Relativism: All proposed solutions are supported by reasons, i.e., must be viewed in context and
relative to support
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development - correct answer ✔✔- Pre- Conventional
- Conventional
- Post- Conventional
, Park's Theory of Faith Development - correct answer ✔✔Young adulthood is a critical point of life where
faith develops
Hettler's Model of Wellness - correct answer ✔✔- Occupational- College students need the most help
here
- Physical- most important to college students overall
- Social
- Intellectual
- Spiritual- least important to college students overall
- Emotional
Healthy Minds Network - correct answer ✔✔- Founded in 2007 at the University of Michigan (Dr.
Eisenburg and students)
- Conduct the study of Healthy Minds Study
- Annual survey of students in the general campus population of 400+ colleges and universities
- Data from more than 500,000 students
- Survey, national, non- clinical
The Center of Collegiate Mental Health - correct answer ✔✔- What? A practice- research network of
800+ college counseling centers
- Where? Centrally housed at Penn State
- When? Since 2008
- Why? To collect and analyze national data on college student mental health and its treatment
- How? Administer standard measures to students seeking counseling and to their counselors
- Does not study on the general campus population
- Not survey, national, clinical, largest data set
Penn State Core - correct answer ✔✔- Only studies at Penn State
- Survey, local, non- clinical, smallest data set
