NUT 10V EXAM STUDY GUIDE
function of minerals - Answers -structure and regulation
major minerals (macrominerals) >0.01 % of body weight - Answers -calcium,
phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium
bioavailability - Answers -proportion or % of a nutrient (mineral) available/absorbed by
the body
calcium deficiency/toxicity - Answers -Deficiency
- no calcium in diet
- body wants to maintain important regulatory role
Child
- decreased skeletal growth, soft bones, rickets
Adult
- osteoporosis, fragile/weak bones, decreased mineral content
sodium and potassium basic functions - Answers --electrolytes function in fluid
homeostasis & nerve impulse transmission
-electrolytes Na & K attract H2O: levels are controlled (hormones and kidneys)
sodium food sources - Answers --meat, deli meat, tomato, tomato sauce, frozen
dinners, packaged food, fast food
potassium food sources - Answers --meat, deli meat, tomato, tomato sauce
-frozen dinners, packaged food, fast food (low potassium)
sodium and potassium deficiency/toxicity - Answers -- deficiency due to sudden loss of
body fluids: heavy sweating, vomiting, diarrhea
- deficiency results in
- Na→lowered BP, weak, nauseous, dizzy
- K→similar symptoms
- kidneys and hormones control tissue/fluid levels
factors that alter bioavailability - Answers -growth, pregnancy, aging, medications, fiber,
form of a mineral in food, factors in food
calcium functions - Answers -- bone and teeth structure
- blood clot process
- muscle/nerve function
calcium food sources - Answers -milk, cheese, yogurt, tofu, broccoli salmon, fish sauce,
tortilla, molasses
, calcium factors affecting bioavailability - Answers --Ca absorption requires VD for
synthesis of a carrier protein in intestines
- ~30% b.a.
- increased w/ pregnancy & lactation
- increased in youth
- decreased in elderly women (postmeno)
iron basic function - Answers --regulation: oxygen transport
- hemoglobin O2:Fe
iron food sources - Answers --heme: meats, blood, liver
-non-heme: leafy greens, cereals, beans, grains, meat, dairy, dried fruit
iron factors affecting bioavailability - Answers -Poor
- low iron stores, high iron absorption (high need)
Good
- high iron stores, low iron absorption (low need)
iron deficiency/toxicity - Answers -iron deficiency
-(poor diet, blood loss) → anemia
- low iron stores, low hemoglobin, poor O2 transport (fatigue, smooth tongue, spooned
nails)
- risk groups: infants, children, women
- the body recycles and stores iron, change iron absorption (b.a.
iodine basic function - Answers --I is incorporated into thyroid hormones because they
are produced by the thyroid gland, direct O2 use of body cells
- BMR, heat production
- reproduction
- growth
iodine food sources - Answers -seaweed, cod, dairy, iodized salt, shrimp, tuna, eggs,
prunes
Iodine deficiency/toxicity - Answers --goiter (enlarged thyroid) at base of neck
-enlarged neck, sluggish, weight gain
-pregnant→ infant has cretinism
zinc basic function - Answers --cofactor in >100 enzyme reactions
-primary goal in cell replication: growth/sexual maturation, wound healing, immune
function, taste perception, reproduction
zinc food soruces - Answers -oysters, cereal, beef, turkey, wheat, garbanzo, milk,
kidney
function of minerals - Answers -structure and regulation
major minerals (macrominerals) >0.01 % of body weight - Answers -calcium,
phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium
bioavailability - Answers -proportion or % of a nutrient (mineral) available/absorbed by
the body
calcium deficiency/toxicity - Answers -Deficiency
- no calcium in diet
- body wants to maintain important regulatory role
Child
- decreased skeletal growth, soft bones, rickets
Adult
- osteoporosis, fragile/weak bones, decreased mineral content
sodium and potassium basic functions - Answers --electrolytes function in fluid
homeostasis & nerve impulse transmission
-electrolytes Na & K attract H2O: levels are controlled (hormones and kidneys)
sodium food sources - Answers --meat, deli meat, tomato, tomato sauce, frozen
dinners, packaged food, fast food
potassium food sources - Answers --meat, deli meat, tomato, tomato sauce
-frozen dinners, packaged food, fast food (low potassium)
sodium and potassium deficiency/toxicity - Answers -- deficiency due to sudden loss of
body fluids: heavy sweating, vomiting, diarrhea
- deficiency results in
- Na→lowered BP, weak, nauseous, dizzy
- K→similar symptoms
- kidneys and hormones control tissue/fluid levels
factors that alter bioavailability - Answers -growth, pregnancy, aging, medications, fiber,
form of a mineral in food, factors in food
calcium functions - Answers -- bone and teeth structure
- blood clot process
- muscle/nerve function
calcium food sources - Answers -milk, cheese, yogurt, tofu, broccoli salmon, fish sauce,
tortilla, molasses
, calcium factors affecting bioavailability - Answers --Ca absorption requires VD for
synthesis of a carrier protein in intestines
- ~30% b.a.
- increased w/ pregnancy & lactation
- increased in youth
- decreased in elderly women (postmeno)
iron basic function - Answers --regulation: oxygen transport
- hemoglobin O2:Fe
iron food sources - Answers --heme: meats, blood, liver
-non-heme: leafy greens, cereals, beans, grains, meat, dairy, dried fruit
iron factors affecting bioavailability - Answers -Poor
- low iron stores, high iron absorption (high need)
Good
- high iron stores, low iron absorption (low need)
iron deficiency/toxicity - Answers -iron deficiency
-(poor diet, blood loss) → anemia
- low iron stores, low hemoglobin, poor O2 transport (fatigue, smooth tongue, spooned
nails)
- risk groups: infants, children, women
- the body recycles and stores iron, change iron absorption (b.a.
iodine basic function - Answers --I is incorporated into thyroid hormones because they
are produced by the thyroid gland, direct O2 use of body cells
- BMR, heat production
- reproduction
- growth
iodine food sources - Answers -seaweed, cod, dairy, iodized salt, shrimp, tuna, eggs,
prunes
Iodine deficiency/toxicity - Answers --goiter (enlarged thyroid) at base of neck
-enlarged neck, sluggish, weight gain
-pregnant→ infant has cretinism
zinc basic function - Answers --cofactor in >100 enzyme reactions
-primary goal in cell replication: growth/sexual maturation, wound healing, immune
function, taste perception, reproduction
zinc food soruces - Answers -oysters, cereal, beef, turkey, wheat, garbanzo, milk,
kidney
