RN ATI Pharmacology Question Bank +200 Questions and Answers

RN ATI Pharmacology Question Bank +200 Questions and Answers Question 1 of 70 A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a client who has gout. The nurse discovers that an error was made during the previous shift and the client received atenolol instead of allopurinol. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? ◯ Obtain the client's blood pressure. ◯ Contact the client's provider. ◯ Inform the charge nurse. ◯ Complete an incident report. Correct Answer: ◯ Obtain the client's blood pressure. Explanation: The nurse should first assess the client's blood pressure because atenolol is a beta-blocker that can lower blood pressure. Assessing the client’s status will help determine the immediate effects of the medication error. ________________________________________ Question 2 of 70 A nurse is teaching a client about cyclobenzaprine. Which of the following client statements should indicate to the nurse that the teaching is effective? ◯ "I will have increased saliva production." ◯ "I will continue taking the medication until the rash disappears." ◯ "I will taper off the medication before discontinuing it." ◯ "I will report any urinary incontinence." Correct Answer: ◯ "I will taper off the medication before discontinuing it." Explanation: Cyclobenzaprine, a muscle relaxant, should be tapered off gradually to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Sudden discontinuation can cause adverse effects such as rebound muscle spasms. ________________________________________ Question 3 of 70 A nurse is assessing a client after administering a second dose of cefazolin IV. The nurse notes the client has anxiety, hypotension, and dyspnea. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer first? ◯ Diphenhydramine ◯ Albuterol inhaler ◯ Epinephrine ◯ Prednisone Correct Answer: ◯ Epinephrine Explanation: The client is likely experiencing an anaphylactic reaction, which is a life-threatening emergency. Epinephrine should be administered first to reverse symptoms of anaphylaxis, including hypotension and respiratory distress. ________________________________________ Question 4 of 70 The nurse is ready to begin the blood transfusion. For each potential nursing action, click to specify if the action is indicated or not indicated for the client. Nursing Action Indicated Not Indicated Document the blood product transfusion in the client’s medical record. ◯ ◯ Stay with the client for the first 15 min of the transfusion. ◯ ◯ Titrate the rate of infusion to maintain the client's blood pressure at least 90/60 mm Hg. ◯ ◯ Obtain the first unit of packed RBCs from the blood bank. ◯ ◯ Start an IV bolus of lactated Ringer's solution. ◯ ◯ Correct Answers: • Document the blood product transfusion in the client’s medical record: Indicated • Stay with the client for the first 15 min of the transfusion: Indicated • Titrate the rate of infusion to maintain the client's blood pressure at least 90/60 mm Hg: Not Indicated • Obtain the first unit of packed RBCs from the blood bank: Indicated • Start an IV bolus of lactated Ringer's solution: Not Indicated Explanation: The nurse should always document the transfusion in the medical record and remain with the client for the first 15 minutes to monitor for adverse reactions. Blood pressure should be monitored but not maintained by titrating the infusion rate. Starting an IV bolus of lactated Ringer's solution is not indicated during blood transfusion unless there is a specific order or issue like volume depletion. ________________________________________ Question 5 of 70 A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a client who is 2 days postoperative following a hip arthroplasty. The nurse notes that the client is receiving enoxaparin subcutaneously. The nurse should explain that the purpose of enoxaparin is to do which of the following? ◯ Reduce the risk of deep-vein thrombosis. ◯ Prevent hypertensive crisis. ◯ Treat postoperative pain. ◯ Minimize the risk of a paralytic ileus. Correct Answer: ◯ Reduce the risk of deep-vein thrombosis. Explanation: Enoxaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin used to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, which are common complications following surgeries like hip arthroplasty. ________________________________________ Question 6 of 70 A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for prednisone. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? ◯ Stop the medication if you experience weight gain. ◯ Take the medication on an empty stomach. ◯ Decrease your intake of foods high in potassium. ◯ Do not discontinue the medication abruptly. Correct Answer: ◯ Do not discontinue the medication abruptly. Explanation: Prednisone, a corticosteroid, should not be discontinued abruptly to avoid adrenal insufficiency. The dosage should be gradually tapered under the guidance of a healthcare provider. ________________________________________ Question 7 of 70 A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is to begin taking oxybutynin for urinary incontinence. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) ☐ Dry mouth ☐ Tinnitus ☐ Blurred vision ☐ Bradycardia ☐ Dry eyes Correct Answers: ☐ Dry mouth ☐ Blurred vision ☐ Dry eyes Explanation: Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication used to treat overactive bladder. Common adverse effects of anticholinergic medications include dry mouth, blurred vision, and dry eyes due to the inhibition of secretions and effects on smooth muscle. ________________________________________ Question 8 of 70 A nurse is preparing to administer dextrose 5% in water (D5W) 400 mL IV to infuse over 1 hr. The drop factor of the manual IV tubing is 15 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.) ___ gtt/min Correct Answer: 100 gtt/min Explanation: To calculate the drip rate, use the formula: Flow rate=(Volume to be infused×Drop factorTime in minutes)text{Flow rate} = left( frac{text{Volume to be infused} times text{Drop factor}}{text{Time in minutes}} right)Flow rate=(Time in minutesVolume to be infused×Drop factor) Flow rate=(400 mL×15 gtt/mL60 min)=100 gtt/mintext{Flow rate} = left( frac{400 , text{mL} times 15 , text{gtt/mL}}{60 , text{min}} right) = 100 , text{gtt/min}Flow rate=(60min400mL×15gtt/mL)=100gtt/min ________________________________________ Question 9 of 70 A nurse is preparing to administer heparin subcutaneously to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? ◯ Administer the medication outside the 5-cm (2-in) radius of the umbilicus. ◯ Aspirate for blood return before injecting. ◯ Rub vigorously after the injection to promote absorption. ◯ Place a pressure dressing on the injection site to prevent bleeding. Correct Answer: ◯ Administer the medication outside the 5-cm (2-in) radius of the umbilicus. Explanation: Heparin is administered subcutaneously in the abdomen, and it is important to avoid injecting within 5 cm (2 in) of the umbilicus to minimize the risk of complications. Aspirating, rubbing, or applying a pressure dressing are not appropriate actions for subcutaneous heparin injections. ________________________________________ Question 10 of 70 A nurse is teaching a client who is to begin taking tamoxifen for the treatment of breast cancer. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching? ◯ Hot flashes ◯ Urinary retention ◯ Constipation ◯ Bradycardia Correct Answer: ◯ Hot flashes Explanation: Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to treat breast cancer. It commonly causes adverse effects similar to menopause, including hot flashes, as it blocks estrogen in breast tissue. ________________________________________ Question 11 of 70 A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who is taking digoxin for heart failure. Which of the following results should the nurse report to the provider? ◯ Calcium level 9.2 mg/dL ◯ Magnesium level 1.6 mEq/L ◯ Digoxin level 1.1 ng/mL ◯ Potassium level 2.8 mEq/L Correct Answer: ◯ Potassium level 2.8 mEq/L Explanation: Hypokalemia (potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L) increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. The nurse should report the low potassium level to the provider, as it can lead to serious cardiac arrhythmias in clients taking digoxin. ________________________________________ Question 12 of 70 A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has peptic ulcer disease and is to start a new prescription for sucralfate. Which of the following actions of sucralfate should the nurse include in the teaching? ◯ Decreases stomach acid secretion ◯ Neutralizes acids in the stomach ◯ Forms a protective barrier over ulcers ◯ Treats ulcers by eradicating H. pylori Correct Answer: ◯ Forms a protective barrier over ulcers Explanation: Sucralfate is a mucosal protectant that forms a gel-like barrier over the ulcer site to protect it from further damage by stomach acid, allowing the ulcer to heal. It does not affect acid secretion or eradicate H. pylori