OIT- EXAM PREP QUESTIONS CORRECTLY SOLVED & SCORED A+

air gap - ️️an open vertical drop, or vertical empty space that separates a drinking water supply; prevents the contamination of drinking water by back siphonage or backflow ampere - ️️the current produced by an electromotive force of one volt acting through a resistance of one ohm surge chamber - ️️allows water to flow into or out of the pipe and minimizes any sudden pos. or neg. pressure waves or surges in the pipe colloids - ️️very small, finely divided solids that remain dispersed in a liquid for a long time due to their small size and electrical charge adsorption - ️️the gathering of a gas, liquid or dissolved substance on the surface or interface zone of another material alternating current - ️️an electric current that reverses its direction at regular intervals amperage - ️️the strength of an electric current measured in amperes annular space - ️️a ring-shaped space located between two circular objects such as two pipes or the space between the casing and the well wall anode - ️️the positive pole or electrode of an electrolytic system aquifer - ️️a natural underground layer of porous water-bearing materials backflow - ️️a reverse flow condition backsiphonage - ️️a form of backflow caused by a negative or below atmospheric pressure within a water system cavitation - ️️the formation and collapse of a gas pocket or bubble on the blade of an impeller or the gate of a valve which drives water into the valve with a terrific forcethat can cause pitting on the impeller or gate surface; accompanied by loud pounding noises chloramination - ️️the application of ammonia to chlorinated water to form chloramines for the purpose of secondary disinfection coliform - ️️when present, this is an indication that the water may contain pathogens colloids - ️️very small, finely divided solids that remain dispersed in a liquid for a long time due to their small size and electrical charge aesthetics - ️️aspects of drinking water quality that are perceivable by the senses composite sample - ️️a collection of individual samples obtained at regular intervals; usually every 1-2 hrs during a 24hr span. cone of depression - ️️an area that the well draws water from the aquifer cryptosporidium - ️️protozoa that are parasites of warm-blooded animals but which can survive in water for extended periods direct current - ️️electric current flowing in one direction only and essentially free from pulsation Escherichia coli - ️️a type of fecal coliform and a strong indicator of recent fecal pollution flocculation - ️️the gathering together of fine particles after coagulation to form larger particles by a process of gentle mixing frazil ice - ️️fine needles or plates of ice suspended in water; forms in supercooled, turbulent water giardia - ️️protozoa that are parasites of warm-blooded animals but which can survive in water for extended periods grab sample - ️️a discreet, single sample of water collected at a particular time and place that represents the composition of the water only at that time and place head loss - ️️pressure or energy lost by water flowing in a pipe or channel as a result of turbulence; velocity vs frictionhertz - ️️the number of complete electromagnetic cycles or waves in one sec. of an electronic circuit. Also frequency of the current impeller - ️️a rotating set of vanes in a pump designed to pump or lift water ppm - ️️a measurement of concentration that is equivalent to mg/L for water solutions pathogen - ️️a disease causing agent percolation - ️️downward flow or infiltration of water through the pores or spaces of rock or soil positive displacement pumps - ️️a type of piston, diaphragm, gear or screw pump that delivers a constant volume with each stroke raw water - ️️water in its natural state, prior to any treatment reservoir - ️️a pond, lake, or basin, either natural or artificial, for the storage, regulation, and control of water sedimentation - ️️a water treatment process in which solid particles settle out of the water being treated in a larg