CMY3701- ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT 100% ANSWERS

CMY3701- ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT 100% ANSWERS According to Merton an integrated society maintains a balance between two elements - ANSWERS social structure; culture What specifically refers to shorter processes that use more limited information which relate mainly to the immediate circumstances and situations? - ANSWERS Criminal event decisions Durkheim's work was influential in shifting the analysis of criminality away from sources rooted in the individual to sources rooted in sociocultural factors. He believed that crime is a/an... in any society and is therefore ... - ANSWERS normal phenomenon; functional. Social-structure theories focus on ... - ANSWERS social conditions. According to Kohlberg's stages of development, people make moral decisions, not just on the basis of what the law says, but on higher principles. This statement refers to the... - ANSWERS postconventional stage. Which one of the following theories contend that certain changes in the modern world have provided motivated offenders with a far greater number of opportunities to commit crime? - ANSWERS Routine activities theory Neo-classicists (Joyce, 2006) assert that a person is still accountable for his or her actions but with minor reservations. Which two specific factors will influence the offender to reform? - ANSWERS Past history and present situation The Classical school believes that behaviour is guided by hedonism. The concept hedonism can be described as ... whereby offenders calculate the risks and rewards of crime. - ANSWERS a pleasure-and-pain principle Process theories attempt to explain how individuals become offenders. The focus is on... as experienced by the offender rather than the ... - ANSWERS social interactions; social structure. What is also referred to as "direct conditioning"? - ANSWERS Differential reinforcement Discussing the existence of threatening impulses is called ... - ANSWERS denial. In terms of the theory of differential association, learning the techniques for committing crime is less important than acquiring the disposition needed to commit crime. This includes: - ANSWERS Motives, attitude and drives Akers (Williams, 2004) proposes that behaviour will be repeated when... - ANSWERS positive reinforcers outweigh negative reinforcers. According to Jones (2001) the main strength of the theory of differential association is that it showed that crime was not just a product of ... but that it could occur in all settings. - ANSWERS poverty In relation to society's reaction to anomie, which of the following reactions or modes of adaptations relates both to the most common reaction and to the most deviant reaction to anomie? - ANSWERS Conformity and innovation The inability of a community structure to realise the common values of its residents and maintain effective social control refers to which of the following theories? - ANSWERS Social disorganisation Which of the following factors is an essential feature of Eysenck's biosocial theory of crime? - ANSWERS Genetics Choose the most correct option: One of the biosocial theory's core principles include: - ANSWERS Individual behaviour patterns are produced by genetic traits and the environment Identify the following statement which best represents the assumptions of the positivistic school of thought: - ANSWERS In favour of indeterminate sentences and the individualisation of offenders The following concept focuses mainly on overt behaviour, its observable antecedents and consequences, rather than upon internal processes: - ANSWERS The behavioural perspective "Offenders are rarely in possession of all the necessary facts about the risks, efforts and rewards of crime". This statement refers to: - ANSWERS The decision to commit an offence Event decisions involve a sequence of choices made at each stage of the criminal act. This includes "escape" and "the aftermath". What other sequences of choices are also included in the event decision process? - ANSWERS Preparation; target selection; commission of the act According to the routine activity theory a person's lifestyle influences the opportunity for crime because it controls a person's ... - ANSWERS ability to be protected Mechanical solidarity refers to? - ANSWERS Pre-industrial societies where individuals share common experiences Converting unacceptable impulses, by acting in a way that opposes them, is called? - ANSWERS Sublimatio