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foundations of behavioral neuroscience
exam 2024 chapterr 2
the neuron has 4 principal divisions:
1) input zone
2) integration zone
3) conduction zone
4) output zone
at cellular extensions called dendrites, neurons receive information from other neurons or from
specialized sensory structures. dendrites may be elaborately branched to accommodate synapses from
many other neurons.
input zone
in addition to receiving additional synaptic inputs, the neuron's cell body (or soma- plural somata)
integrates/combines the information that has been received to determine whether or not to send a
signal of its own. it is the part of the neuron that initiates neural electrical activity.
integration zone
a single extension, the axon (or nerve fiber), conducts the neurons output information, in the form of
electrical impulses, away from the cell body. it is the part of the neuron (typically the axon, as stated
above) over which the action potential is actively propagated.
conduction zone
the basic unit of the nervous system, each composed of receptive extensions called dendrites, an
integrating cell body, a conducting axon, and a transmitting axon terminal.
neuron (also called nerve cell)
nonneuronal brain cells that provides structural, nutritional, and other types of support to the brain.
glial cells (also called glia)
the cellular location at which information is transmitted from a neuron to another cell.
synapse
specialized swellings at the ends of the axon, called axon terminals (or synaptic boutons), transmit the
neuron's signals synapses to other cells.
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output zone
an extension of the cell body that receives information from other neurons.
dendrites
the region of a neuron that is defined by the presence of the cell nucleus.
cell body (also called soma)
a single extension from the nerve cell that carries action potentials from the cell body toward the axon
terminal.
axon (also called nerve fiber)
the end of an axon or axon collateral, which forms a synapse with a neuron or other target cell.
axon terminal (also called synaptic bouton)
a neuron that transmits neural messages to muscles (or glands).
motoneuron (or motor neuron)
a nerve cell that is directly affected by changes in the environment, such as light, odor, or touch.
sensory neuron
a nerve cell that is neither a sensory neuron nor a motoneuron; these receive input from and send
output to other cells.
interneuron
what are the three general shapes of neurons? (just the names)
multipolar neurons, bipolar neurons, and unipolar neurons
this type of neuron has many dendrites and a single axon. they are the most common type of neuron.
multipolar neuron
this type of neuron has a single dendrite at one end of the cell and a single axon at the other end.
especially common in sensory systems, such as vision.
bipolar neuron
this type of neuron has a single extension (or process), usually thought of as an axon, that branches into
two directions after leaving the cell body. one end is the input zone with branches like dendrites; the
other is the output zone. these neurons transmit touch information from the body into the spinal cord.
unipolar neuron
in all 3 types of neurons, the ______________ comprise the input zone. in multipolar and bipolar
neurons, the ____________ also receives synaptic inputs, so it is also part of the input zone.
dendrites; cell body
foundations of behavioral neuroscience
exam 2024 chapterr 2
the neuron has 4 principal divisions:
1) input zone
2) integration zone
3) conduction zone
4) output zone
at cellular extensions called dendrites, neurons receive information from other neurons or from
specialized sensory structures. dendrites may be elaborately branched to accommodate synapses from
many other neurons.
input zone
in addition to receiving additional synaptic inputs, the neuron's cell body (or soma- plural somata)
integrates/combines the information that has been received to determine whether or not to send a
signal of its own. it is the part of the neuron that initiates neural electrical activity.
integration zone
a single extension, the axon (or nerve fiber), conducts the neurons output information, in the form of
electrical impulses, away from the cell body. it is the part of the neuron (typically the axon, as stated
above) over which the action potential is actively propagated.
conduction zone
the basic unit of the nervous system, each composed of receptive extensions called dendrites, an
integrating cell body, a conducting axon, and a transmitting axon terminal.
neuron (also called nerve cell)
nonneuronal brain cells that provides structural, nutritional, and other types of support to the brain.
glial cells (also called glia)
the cellular location at which information is transmitted from a neuron to another cell.
synapse
specialized swellings at the ends of the axon, called axon terminals (or synaptic boutons), transmit the
neuron's signals synapses to other cells.
, Page 2 of 14
output zone
an extension of the cell body that receives information from other neurons.
dendrites
the region of a neuron that is defined by the presence of the cell nucleus.
cell body (also called soma)
a single extension from the nerve cell that carries action potentials from the cell body toward the axon
terminal.
axon (also called nerve fiber)
the end of an axon or axon collateral, which forms a synapse with a neuron or other target cell.
axon terminal (also called synaptic bouton)
a neuron that transmits neural messages to muscles (or glands).
motoneuron (or motor neuron)
a nerve cell that is directly affected by changes in the environment, such as light, odor, or touch.
sensory neuron
a nerve cell that is neither a sensory neuron nor a motoneuron; these receive input from and send
output to other cells.
interneuron
what are the three general shapes of neurons? (just the names)
multipolar neurons, bipolar neurons, and unipolar neurons
this type of neuron has many dendrites and a single axon. they are the most common type of neuron.
multipolar neuron
this type of neuron has a single dendrite at one end of the cell and a single axon at the other end.
especially common in sensory systems, such as vision.
bipolar neuron
this type of neuron has a single extension (or process), usually thought of as an axon, that branches into
two directions after leaving the cell body. one end is the input zone with branches like dendrites; the
other is the output zone. these neurons transmit touch information from the body into the spinal cord.
unipolar neuron
in all 3 types of neurons, the ______________ comprise the input zone. in multipolar and bipolar
neurons, the ____________ also receives synaptic inputs, so it is also part of the input zone.
dendrites; cell body
