CRITICAL QUESTIONS –
MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
METHODS I
Tip: download the application Anki and import these questions into the application. On a
daily basis, review the questions and effectively learn the theory! Good luck.
Data analysis
Categorical: values that do not have a logic order and
What are the two levels of measurement cannot be translated into a numerical value
and explain the difference Numerical: values that number and what they impose an
order
What is the difference between variables
Variables is a column, while a unit is placed in the row.
and units?
Binary: two outcomes
Nominal: naming scale without a specific order
Name the categorical categories
Ordinal: variables in a specific order beyond just naming
them
Discrete data: value is obtained by counting
Name the numerical categories
Continuous: values obtained by measuring
Numerical data contain more information than categorical
What is the major difference between
data. As a result, you need larger samples for data with
categorical and numerical data
less information.
1. Sample representative: can you generalize it to the
entire population?
2. Data validity: Do the data reflect what they should
In quantitive research, how do you motivate
reflect?
and document the way you collect data?
3. Measurement error: The discrepancy between the
actual value we are trying to measure, and the number we
use to represent that value.
1. Systematic measurement error: Difference between the
average measurement result and the true value.
What are the types of measurement error?
2. Unsystematic deviations due to the imprecision of the
measurement system.
the error in estimates due to systematic mistakes that lead
What does bias mean? to consistently high or low results as compared to the
actual values
Bias has to with how many mistakes are made, and
What is the difference between bias and
measurement spread has to do with the variation of the
measurement spead?
observed values
1. Location: mean, mode, median
2. Dispersion: range, IQR, variance, Standard deviation
What aspects do you use to describe data 3. Confidence interval
4. Skew
5. Kurtosis
A measure which measures how spread out the numbers
What does standard deviation mean?
are.
Positive skew: scores bunched at low values and tail
What is the difference between a positive
pointing to high values.(mean > median)
and negative skew? And what does that
Negative skew: scores bunched at high values and tail
mean?
point to high values. (mean < median)
What plots do you use with categorical 1. for one variable: pie chart and bar chart
data? 2. for two variables: multiple bars
What plots do you use with numerical data? 1. for one variable: histogram or boxplot
MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
METHODS I
Tip: download the application Anki and import these questions into the application. On a
daily basis, review the questions and effectively learn the theory! Good luck.
Data analysis
Categorical: values that do not have a logic order and
What are the two levels of measurement cannot be translated into a numerical value
and explain the difference Numerical: values that number and what they impose an
order
What is the difference between variables
Variables is a column, while a unit is placed in the row.
and units?
Binary: two outcomes
Nominal: naming scale without a specific order
Name the categorical categories
Ordinal: variables in a specific order beyond just naming
them
Discrete data: value is obtained by counting
Name the numerical categories
Continuous: values obtained by measuring
Numerical data contain more information than categorical
What is the major difference between
data. As a result, you need larger samples for data with
categorical and numerical data
less information.
1. Sample representative: can you generalize it to the
entire population?
2. Data validity: Do the data reflect what they should
In quantitive research, how do you motivate
reflect?
and document the way you collect data?
3. Measurement error: The discrepancy between the
actual value we are trying to measure, and the number we
use to represent that value.
1. Systematic measurement error: Difference between the
average measurement result and the true value.
What are the types of measurement error?
2. Unsystematic deviations due to the imprecision of the
measurement system.
the error in estimates due to systematic mistakes that lead
What does bias mean? to consistently high or low results as compared to the
actual values
Bias has to with how many mistakes are made, and
What is the difference between bias and
measurement spread has to do with the variation of the
measurement spead?
observed values
1. Location: mean, mode, median
2. Dispersion: range, IQR, variance, Standard deviation
What aspects do you use to describe data 3. Confidence interval
4. Skew
5. Kurtosis
A measure which measures how spread out the numbers
What does standard deviation mean?
are.
Positive skew: scores bunched at low values and tail
What is the difference between a positive
pointing to high values.(mean > median)
and negative skew? And what does that
Negative skew: scores bunched at high values and tail
mean?
point to high values. (mean < median)
What plots do you use with categorical 1. for one variable: pie chart and bar chart
data? 2. for two variables: multiple bars
What plots do you use with numerical data? 1. for one variable: histogram or boxplot
