Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition TEST
BANK by Tommie L Norris
A client is managing his diabetes with exercise and diet. The health care provider
reviews the client's most recent lab results: fasting blood sugar level at 80 mg/dL and
a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Select the response that best identifies the client. -
ANSWER The client is achieving normal glycemic control.
A patient is managing his type 2 diabetes with exercise and diet. He has a fasting
blood sugar level (FBS) of 80 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Based on these
findings, which of the following can the nurse assume? - ANSWER The patient is
achieving normal glycemic control.
When educating a patient about glargine (Lantus), the nurse should explain that this
medication: - ANSWER Has a prolonged absorption rate and provides a relatively
constant concentration for 12-24 hours.
The nurse has just completed teaching a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
about rapid-acting insulin. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when
the client selects: - ANSWER Lispro
The nurse is reviewing assessment data on four clients. Select the client at highest
risk for developing type 2 diabetes. - ANSWER A 45-year-old obese female with a
sedentary lifestyle
The obstetrical nurse is caring for a client who has been treated for gestational
diabetes. When teaching the client about the causes of gestational diabetes, the
nurse should include which of these risk factors in the teaching? - ANSWER
Woman with a family history of diabetes
The nurse and nursing student are caring for a client undergoing a severe stressor
with release of epinephrine into the bloodstream. Which of these effects on blood
glucose levels does the nurse teach the student epinephrine will cause? - ANSWER
Blood glucose will elevate.
A patient with diabetes asks the nurse for advice in controlling between-meal blood
glucose levels. Which of the following might the nurse suggest as a long-acting
insulin to provide a consistent basal level? - ANSWER Glargine (Lantus)
Which of the following clients would be considered to be exhibiting manifestations of
"prediabetes"? - ANSWER A middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma
glucose level of 122 with follow-up OGTT of 189 mg/dL.
Type 2 diabetes is caused by metabolic abnormalities in the presence of insulin.
What are these metabolic abnormalities? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER •
Deranged secretion of insulin
• Insulin resistance
, • Increased glucose production by the liver
The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes and the family about the signs and
symptoms of hypoglycemia. The client asks what produces signs and symptoms of
headache, disturbed behavior, coma, and seizures. The best response would be: -
ANSWER The brain relies on blood glucose as its main energy source.
What are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus? - ANSWER Polyuria, polydipsia,
and polyphagia
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus wishes to stop taking insulin injections. What
option is appropriate? - ANSWER Using an insulin infusion pump
Select the most appropriate intervention for the nurse to teach a client diagnosed
with distal symmetric neuropathy related to diabetes. - ANSWER Inspect the feet
for blisters daily
The critical care nurse has just admitted a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
whose blood glucose level is 877 mg/dL. The client's breath has a fruity odor and the
client is confused. Which of these does the nurse set as the priority at this time? -
ANSWER Administration of intravenous fluids
A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has been instructed about managing his
condition with diet. The nurse determines further teaching is necessary when the
client states: - ANSWER "I must avoid all candies and cookies, but can eat
unlimited amounts of pasta and breads."
Which of the following criteria about insulin would prompt a diagnosis of type 1
diabetes? - ANSWER Complete failure of insulin secretion
During periods of fasting and starvation, the glucocorticoid and other corticosteroid
hormones are critical for survival because of their stimulation of gluconeogenesis by
the liver. When the glucocorticoid hormones remain elevated for extended periods of
time, what can occur? - ANSWER Hyperglycemia
Type 1A diabetes is now considered an autoimmune disorder. What factors are
considered necessary for type 1A diabetes to occur? - ANSWER Genetic
predisposition, environmental triggering event, and a T-lymphocyte-mediated
hypersensitivity reaction against some beta-cell antigen
A woman in her 28th week of pregnancy tests positive for gestational diabetes
mellitus and begins to follow a nutritional plan at home. What result at the follow-up
visit indicates a successful outcome? - ANSWER Random blood glucose 85 mg/dl
The mother of a 2-year-old newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks why insulin
has to be given by injection. The best response by the nurse is: - ANSWER "Insulin
is destroyed by the stomach contents and has to be administered by injection."
A pregnant client asks the nurse if she is at risk for developing gestational diabetes.
The nurse reviews the risk factors with the client. The most important information for
BANK by Tommie L Norris
A client is managing his diabetes with exercise and diet. The health care provider
reviews the client's most recent lab results: fasting blood sugar level at 80 mg/dL and
a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Select the response that best identifies the client. -
ANSWER The client is achieving normal glycemic control.
A patient is managing his type 2 diabetes with exercise and diet. He has a fasting
blood sugar level (FBS) of 80 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Based on these
findings, which of the following can the nurse assume? - ANSWER The patient is
achieving normal glycemic control.
When educating a patient about glargine (Lantus), the nurse should explain that this
medication: - ANSWER Has a prolonged absorption rate and provides a relatively
constant concentration for 12-24 hours.
The nurse has just completed teaching a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
about rapid-acting insulin. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when
the client selects: - ANSWER Lispro
The nurse is reviewing assessment data on four clients. Select the client at highest
risk for developing type 2 diabetes. - ANSWER A 45-year-old obese female with a
sedentary lifestyle
The obstetrical nurse is caring for a client who has been treated for gestational
diabetes. When teaching the client about the causes of gestational diabetes, the
nurse should include which of these risk factors in the teaching? - ANSWER
Woman with a family history of diabetes
The nurse and nursing student are caring for a client undergoing a severe stressor
with release of epinephrine into the bloodstream. Which of these effects on blood
glucose levels does the nurse teach the student epinephrine will cause? - ANSWER
Blood glucose will elevate.
A patient with diabetes asks the nurse for advice in controlling between-meal blood
glucose levels. Which of the following might the nurse suggest as a long-acting
insulin to provide a consistent basal level? - ANSWER Glargine (Lantus)
Which of the following clients would be considered to be exhibiting manifestations of
"prediabetes"? - ANSWER A middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma
glucose level of 122 with follow-up OGTT of 189 mg/dL.
Type 2 diabetes is caused by metabolic abnormalities in the presence of insulin.
What are these metabolic abnormalities? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER •
Deranged secretion of insulin
• Insulin resistance
, • Increased glucose production by the liver
The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes and the family about the signs and
symptoms of hypoglycemia. The client asks what produces signs and symptoms of
headache, disturbed behavior, coma, and seizures. The best response would be: -
ANSWER The brain relies on blood glucose as its main energy source.
What are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus? - ANSWER Polyuria, polydipsia,
and polyphagia
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus wishes to stop taking insulin injections. What
option is appropriate? - ANSWER Using an insulin infusion pump
Select the most appropriate intervention for the nurse to teach a client diagnosed
with distal symmetric neuropathy related to diabetes. - ANSWER Inspect the feet
for blisters daily
The critical care nurse has just admitted a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
whose blood glucose level is 877 mg/dL. The client's breath has a fruity odor and the
client is confused. Which of these does the nurse set as the priority at this time? -
ANSWER Administration of intravenous fluids
A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has been instructed about managing his
condition with diet. The nurse determines further teaching is necessary when the
client states: - ANSWER "I must avoid all candies and cookies, but can eat
unlimited amounts of pasta and breads."
Which of the following criteria about insulin would prompt a diagnosis of type 1
diabetes? - ANSWER Complete failure of insulin secretion
During periods of fasting and starvation, the glucocorticoid and other corticosteroid
hormones are critical for survival because of their stimulation of gluconeogenesis by
the liver. When the glucocorticoid hormones remain elevated for extended periods of
time, what can occur? - ANSWER Hyperglycemia
Type 1A diabetes is now considered an autoimmune disorder. What factors are
considered necessary for type 1A diabetes to occur? - ANSWER Genetic
predisposition, environmental triggering event, and a T-lymphocyte-mediated
hypersensitivity reaction against some beta-cell antigen
A woman in her 28th week of pregnancy tests positive for gestational diabetes
mellitus and begins to follow a nutritional plan at home. What result at the follow-up
visit indicates a successful outcome? - ANSWER Random blood glucose 85 mg/dl
The mother of a 2-year-old newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks why insulin
has to be given by injection. The best response by the nurse is: - ANSWER "Insulin
is destroyed by the stomach contents and has to be administered by injection."
A pregnant client asks the nurse if she is at risk for developing gestational diabetes.
The nurse reviews the risk factors with the client. The most important information for
