Prehospital Trauma Life Support 2024 Exam With
Verified Solutions
Principles - Answer defines the duties required of the prehospital care provider in
optimizing patient survival and outcome
-ex: air, containing oxygen, must be moved through an open airway into the lungs to
facilitate oxygen CO2 exchange with RBCs so they can deliever O2 to other tissues
Perferences - Answer describes how a system and its individual providers choose to
apply scientific principles to the care of patients
-ex: how airway management is implemented in a particular patient
Intentional Injury - Answer results form an act carried out on purpose with the goal of
harming, injuring, or killing
Unintentional Injury - Answer traumatic injury that occurs as an unintended or accidental
consequence
3 Phase of Trauma - Answer Pre-Event
Event
Postevent
Pre-event Phase - Answer involves the circumstances leading up to an injury
- efforts are primarily focused on injury prevention
Event Phase-Answer moment of actual trauma
-actions taken during this phase aim to minimize injuries as a result of trauma
-motor vehicle safety restraint systems, air bags, and motorcycle helmets play a role in
,injury reduction
Postevent - Answer deals with the outcome of the traumatic event
outcomes of patients can be improved by
- early and aggressive management of shock
- aggressive hemorrhage control
- damage control resuscitation in the hospital
Golden Period - Critical time period in which it is imperative to begin specific patient care
for a seriously injured trauma patient
- 'Golden Hour': not meant to be literally an hour - every pt has varying injuries & have
different acuity
Initial Assessment Before Approaching the Patient - Response Survey the scene by:
- gaining a GI of the situation for scene safety
- noting the etiology and results of the event
- monitor family members and bystanders
Scene Size Up - Answer - risk to bodily fluids
- risk to chemical weapons used in war
- fire
- down electrical lines
- explosives
- hazardous material
- traffic
- floodwater
- assailants
- adverse weather rxn
, Primary Survey - Answer XABCDE
X: eXsanguinating hemorrhage (severe external bleeding)
A: airway management / c-spine (identify airway compromise)
B: breathing (identify breathing inadequacy)
C: circulation (identify shock, control mild/moderate bleeding)
D: disability (identify LOC)
E: expose /environment (identify significant injuries
When to Press & When to Pack - Answer apply direct pressure and hemostatic packing
and dressings for nonarterial severe bleeding in extremities & all severe bleeding from
truncal sites
Junctional Hemmorrhage - Answer bleeding that occurs where two anatomically distinct
zones come together
- lower abdomen, groin, armpit, near where extremities connect to body
- use of TQ or pressure dressing in these areas is impractical and ineffective
- elevation, pressure on pressure points effective
oxygen deficiency signs - Response pale cool clammy
bluish discoloration of lips or nails
Hemorrhage - Response most common cause of preventable death from trauma
- shock in trauma patients almost always due to external or internal hemorrhage
Possible sites of masssive internal hemorrhage - Response chest abdomen pelvis flanks
of the back, extremities (thigh)
- bleeding not easily controlled
Verified Solutions
Principles - Answer defines the duties required of the prehospital care provider in
optimizing patient survival and outcome
-ex: air, containing oxygen, must be moved through an open airway into the lungs to
facilitate oxygen CO2 exchange with RBCs so they can deliever O2 to other tissues
Perferences - Answer describes how a system and its individual providers choose to
apply scientific principles to the care of patients
-ex: how airway management is implemented in a particular patient
Intentional Injury - Answer results form an act carried out on purpose with the goal of
harming, injuring, or killing
Unintentional Injury - Answer traumatic injury that occurs as an unintended or accidental
consequence
3 Phase of Trauma - Answer Pre-Event
Event
Postevent
Pre-event Phase - Answer involves the circumstances leading up to an injury
- efforts are primarily focused on injury prevention
Event Phase-Answer moment of actual trauma
-actions taken during this phase aim to minimize injuries as a result of trauma
-motor vehicle safety restraint systems, air bags, and motorcycle helmets play a role in
,injury reduction
Postevent - Answer deals with the outcome of the traumatic event
outcomes of patients can be improved by
- early and aggressive management of shock
- aggressive hemorrhage control
- damage control resuscitation in the hospital
Golden Period - Critical time period in which it is imperative to begin specific patient care
for a seriously injured trauma patient
- 'Golden Hour': not meant to be literally an hour - every pt has varying injuries & have
different acuity
Initial Assessment Before Approaching the Patient - Response Survey the scene by:
- gaining a GI of the situation for scene safety
- noting the etiology and results of the event
- monitor family members and bystanders
Scene Size Up - Answer - risk to bodily fluids
- risk to chemical weapons used in war
- fire
- down electrical lines
- explosives
- hazardous material
- traffic
- floodwater
- assailants
- adverse weather rxn
, Primary Survey - Answer XABCDE
X: eXsanguinating hemorrhage (severe external bleeding)
A: airway management / c-spine (identify airway compromise)
B: breathing (identify breathing inadequacy)
C: circulation (identify shock, control mild/moderate bleeding)
D: disability (identify LOC)
E: expose /environment (identify significant injuries
When to Press & When to Pack - Answer apply direct pressure and hemostatic packing
and dressings for nonarterial severe bleeding in extremities & all severe bleeding from
truncal sites
Junctional Hemmorrhage - Answer bleeding that occurs where two anatomically distinct
zones come together
- lower abdomen, groin, armpit, near where extremities connect to body
- use of TQ or pressure dressing in these areas is impractical and ineffective
- elevation, pressure on pressure points effective
oxygen deficiency signs - Response pale cool clammy
bluish discoloration of lips or nails
Hemorrhage - Response most common cause of preventable death from trauma
- shock in trauma patients almost always due to external or internal hemorrhage
Possible sites of masssive internal hemorrhage - Response chest abdomen pelvis flanks
of the back, extremities (thigh)
- bleeding not easily controlled
