Exam 3 Microbiology 2024-2025
prodrugs - ANSWER- only become pharmaceutically active once they are metabolized within the cell,
and therefore exact mechanism of action is not always entirely clear
attachment antagonists - ANSWER- pleconaril
pleconaril - ANSWER- prevents attachment, exposure of RNA in picornaviruses
enterovirus, rhinovirus, Hep A, and poliovirus
entry inhibitors - ANSWER- enfuvirtid
enfuvirtid - ANSWER- binds to gp41 and inhibits HIV membrane fusion
uncoating inhibitors - ANSWER- Amantadine and Rimantadine, Arildone
amantadine and rimantadine - ANSWER- Interfere with Influenza virus protein M2 and prevent
physiological changes needed to result in viral uncoating
arildone - ANSWER- Binds to a stabilizes the Poliovirus capsid, preventing the uncoating, also effective
against HSV-2
nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors - ANSWER- acyclovir, valaciclovir, ganciclovir, penciclovir, adenosine
arabinoside, sofosbuvir, ribavirin, NRTI
acyclovir, valaciclovir, ganciclovir, and penciclovir - ANSWER- converted intracellularly by viral thymidine
kinase, effective against EBV, CMV, HSV, and VZV
, adenosine arabinoside - ANSWER- converted intracellularly by cellular kinases, effective against HSV and
VZV
sofosbuvir - ANSWER- NS5B inhibitor in HCV that prevents viral RNA replication
ribavirin - ANSWER- RNA analog that binds and prevents RNA synthesis in Hantavirus, HCV, and RSV
nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors - ANSWER- nucleoside analogs that prevent DNA
synthesis via reverse transcriptase
azidothymidine/Zidovudine - ANSWER- effective against HIV
entecavir - ANSWER- effective against HBV
lamivudine - ANSWER- effective against both HIV and HBV
adefovir - ANSWER- effective against HBV and HSV
protein synthesis inhibitors - ANSWER- fomivirsen, darunavir and fosamprenavir, boceprevir and
telaprevir
fomivirsen - ANSWER- Antisense nucleic acids that bind to mRNA and prevent translation in
Cytomegalovirus
darunavir and fosamprenavir - ANSWER- Protease inhibitors specific to enzymes in HIV that prevent
formation of mature viral proteins
prodrugs - ANSWER- only become pharmaceutically active once they are metabolized within the cell,
and therefore exact mechanism of action is not always entirely clear
attachment antagonists - ANSWER- pleconaril
pleconaril - ANSWER- prevents attachment, exposure of RNA in picornaviruses
enterovirus, rhinovirus, Hep A, and poliovirus
entry inhibitors - ANSWER- enfuvirtid
enfuvirtid - ANSWER- binds to gp41 and inhibits HIV membrane fusion
uncoating inhibitors - ANSWER- Amantadine and Rimantadine, Arildone
amantadine and rimantadine - ANSWER- Interfere with Influenza virus protein M2 and prevent
physiological changes needed to result in viral uncoating
arildone - ANSWER- Binds to a stabilizes the Poliovirus capsid, preventing the uncoating, also effective
against HSV-2
nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors - ANSWER- acyclovir, valaciclovir, ganciclovir, penciclovir, adenosine
arabinoside, sofosbuvir, ribavirin, NRTI
acyclovir, valaciclovir, ganciclovir, and penciclovir - ANSWER- converted intracellularly by viral thymidine
kinase, effective against EBV, CMV, HSV, and VZV
, adenosine arabinoside - ANSWER- converted intracellularly by cellular kinases, effective against HSV and
VZV
sofosbuvir - ANSWER- NS5B inhibitor in HCV that prevents viral RNA replication
ribavirin - ANSWER- RNA analog that binds and prevents RNA synthesis in Hantavirus, HCV, and RSV
nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors - ANSWER- nucleoside analogs that prevent DNA
synthesis via reverse transcriptase
azidothymidine/Zidovudine - ANSWER- effective against HIV
entecavir - ANSWER- effective against HBV
lamivudine - ANSWER- effective against both HIV and HBV
adefovir - ANSWER- effective against HBV and HSV
protein synthesis inhibitors - ANSWER- fomivirsen, darunavir and fosamprenavir, boceprevir and
telaprevir
fomivirsen - ANSWER- Antisense nucleic acids that bind to mRNA and prevent translation in
Cytomegalovirus
darunavir and fosamprenavir - ANSWER- Protease inhibitors specific to enzymes in HIV that prevent
formation of mature viral proteins
