611 PATHO EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+

611 PATHO EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ P A THO EXAM 4 WE ARE OUT THE DOOR Q&A 2017 cytokines fr om neutro phils, lymphocytes, plasma ce lls, macr ophages, eosinophils, and mast cells. 17. Crohn disease: In Cro hn disease, elev ations in IgG are associa ted with the sev erity of the disease. 18. Kidney st ones in the upper part of the ure ter would produce pain r ef erred to which anato mical ar ea? a. V ul va or penis b. Thighs c. Umbilicus d. L ower abdomen Kidney st ones in the upper part of the uret er would pr oduce pain in the umbilicus. Sensory innervation f or the upper part of the uret er arises from the t enth thoracic nerv e root s with re f erred pain t o the umbilicus. 19. The glomerular filtra tion ra te is directly r elated to which fact or? a. Pe rfusion pressur e in the glomerular capillaries b. Diffus ion ra te in the renal cort ex c. Diffusion r ate in the r enal medulla d. Glom erular active tr ansport Pe rfusion pressur e. The filtra tion of the plasma per unit of time is known as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is dir ectly relat e d to only th e perfusion pressur e in the glomerular capillaries. 20. When renin is r eleased, it is capable o f which action? a. Inactiva tion of autoregulation b. Dir ect activa tion of angiotensin II c. Direct r elease of antidiure tic hormone (ADH) d. F ormation of angiotensin I Forma tion of angiotens in I. 21. How high does the plasma glucose ha ve to be bef ore the thr eshol d f or glucose is achieved? a. 126 mg /dl b. 180 mg/dl c. 150 mg /dl d. 200 mg/dl When the plasma glucose r eaches 180 mg /dl, as occur s in the individual with uncontr olled diabetes mellitus, the thr eshold for gluco se is achiev ed. 22. What is the end-pro duct of prot ein metabolism that is e xcr eted in urine? a. Glucose b. Bile c. Ke tones 5 P A THO EXAM 4 WE ARE OUT THE DOOR Q&A 2017 d. Urea Urea 23. What prov i des the best es timate of the functioning of r enal tissue? a. Glomerular filtra tion rat e b. Hourly urin e output c. Serum blood urea nitr ogen and crea tini ne d. T he specific gra vity of the solute co ncentr ation of the urine GFR 24. Which renal chang e is found in o lder adults? a. Sharp decline in glomerular filtr ation r at e b. Sharp dec line in renal blood flow c. Decr ease in the number of nephrons d. Decr ease in urine output Decr ease in the number of nephrons. 25. Compared with a y ounger individual, how is the sp ecific gra vity of urine in older adults aff ected? a. Specific gra vity of urine in older adults is incr eased. b. Spec i fic gra vity of urine in older adults is consider ed high normal. c. Specific gra vity of urine in older adults is consid ered low normal. d. Spec i fic gra vity of urine in older adults is decrea sed. SG in older adults is consider ed low normal. 26. How does progr essive nephrons injury aff ect angiotensin II activ ity? a. Angiotensin II activity is decrea sed. b. It is ele va ted. c. Angiotensin II activity is tota lly suppressed. d. It is no t aff ected. It ’ s elev ated. Angiotensin II activity is elev ated with pro gressiv e nephron injury . 27. Which mineral a ccounts f or the most common type of r enal stone? a. Magnesium-ammonium-phosphat e b. Ca lcium o xala te c. Uric acid d. Mag ne sium phosphat e Calcium st ones ( calcium phosphat e or calcium ox alate) acco unt f or 70% to 80% of all stone s requ iring trea tment. 28. Reg arding the f ormation of r enal calculi, what function does pyr ophosphate, pota ssium citr at e, and magnesium perf orm? a. They inhibit crys tal growth. b. Pyr ophosphate, pota ssium citra te, and magnesium stimula te the supersa turation of sa lt.