UAMS biochemistry exam 4 questions &
answers 2024/2025
Steroid hormone - ANSWERS-Water insoluble
-Slower production
-Derived from cholesterol
Protein - ANSWERSWater soluble, quicker action, short half-life
Amine - ANSWERSShare properties of both steroid hormone and proteins
Hypothalamus - ANSWERSProduces many different products
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) - ANSWERSPromotes secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH) and prolactin (PRL)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) - ANSWERSPromotes secretion of luietenizing hormone and
follicle stimulating hormone
Somatostatin (SS) - ANSWERSInhibits growth hormone(GH) and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)
release
Pituitary gland - ANSWERS-Master gland
-Secretes hormones that regulate other hormones
-Needed for metabolism
Parts of the pituitary gland - ANSWERS1. Anterior pituitary - largest portion
2. Intermediate lobe
,3. Posterior pituitary - storage and release of oxytocin and vasopresin
Tropic hormone - ANSWERSHormone that stimulates the secretion of another hormone
Growth hormone - ANSWERS-Affects substrate metabolism and stimulates liver to produce more
-Effector hormone
Growth hormone function - ANSWERS-Increases cell division
-Effects bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, muscle, glucose and lipid metabolism
Prolactin - ANSWERS-Enhances breast development during pregnancy to induce lactation
-Effector hormone
Prolactinoma - ANSWERSPituitary tumor that produces excessive amount of prolactin
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - ANSWERS-Causes the thyroid to release T3 and T4
-Tropic hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) - ANSWERS-Females- targets ovaries and estrogen synthesis
-Males- spermatogenesis
-Tropic hormone
Luteinizing hormone(LH) - ANSWERS-Targets ovaries and testes
-Tropic hormone
Adrenocorticotropoin hormone(ACTH) - ANSWERS-Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce cortisol
-Tropic hormone
, Hypopituitarism - ANSWERSFailure of either pituirtary or hypothalamus, loss of anterior pituitary
function
Panhypopituitarism - ANSWERSComplete loss
Monotropic hormone deficiency - ANSWERSLoss of a single hormone
Oxytocin - ANSWERS-Posterior pituitary hormone
-***Critical role in lactation
-Plays a major role in labor and parturition
Vasopressin(ADH) - ANSWERSRegulate renal free water excretion and water balance
Adrenal gland - ANSWERS-Produces steroid hormones and neuropeptides that are essential for life
-Condition affect blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and androgen excess
Adrenal cortex G zone - ANSWERS-Synthesize aldosterone, critical for sodium and potassium retention
and acid-base balance
-Mineralcorticoids
Adrenal cortex F zone - ANSWERS-Synthesize gloucocorticoids , DHEA production is produced here
-Glucocorticoids
Adrenal cortex R zone - ANSWERS-Sulfated DHEA-7 and DHEA's
-Androgens
Criteria for primary aldosteronism - ANSWERS-Aldosterone can be suppressed
-Plasma aldosteron/plasma renin activtiy >25
-Low plasma renin that fails to increased with depletion
answers 2024/2025
Steroid hormone - ANSWERS-Water insoluble
-Slower production
-Derived from cholesterol
Protein - ANSWERSWater soluble, quicker action, short half-life
Amine - ANSWERSShare properties of both steroid hormone and proteins
Hypothalamus - ANSWERSProduces many different products
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) - ANSWERSPromotes secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH) and prolactin (PRL)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) - ANSWERSPromotes secretion of luietenizing hormone and
follicle stimulating hormone
Somatostatin (SS) - ANSWERSInhibits growth hormone(GH) and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)
release
Pituitary gland - ANSWERS-Master gland
-Secretes hormones that regulate other hormones
-Needed for metabolism
Parts of the pituitary gland - ANSWERS1. Anterior pituitary - largest portion
2. Intermediate lobe
,3. Posterior pituitary - storage and release of oxytocin and vasopresin
Tropic hormone - ANSWERSHormone that stimulates the secretion of another hormone
Growth hormone - ANSWERS-Affects substrate metabolism and stimulates liver to produce more
-Effector hormone
Growth hormone function - ANSWERS-Increases cell division
-Effects bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, muscle, glucose and lipid metabolism
Prolactin - ANSWERS-Enhances breast development during pregnancy to induce lactation
-Effector hormone
Prolactinoma - ANSWERSPituitary tumor that produces excessive amount of prolactin
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - ANSWERS-Causes the thyroid to release T3 and T4
-Tropic hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) - ANSWERS-Females- targets ovaries and estrogen synthesis
-Males- spermatogenesis
-Tropic hormone
Luteinizing hormone(LH) - ANSWERS-Targets ovaries and testes
-Tropic hormone
Adrenocorticotropoin hormone(ACTH) - ANSWERS-Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce cortisol
-Tropic hormone
, Hypopituitarism - ANSWERSFailure of either pituirtary or hypothalamus, loss of anterior pituitary
function
Panhypopituitarism - ANSWERSComplete loss
Monotropic hormone deficiency - ANSWERSLoss of a single hormone
Oxytocin - ANSWERS-Posterior pituitary hormone
-***Critical role in lactation
-Plays a major role in labor and parturition
Vasopressin(ADH) - ANSWERSRegulate renal free water excretion and water balance
Adrenal gland - ANSWERS-Produces steroid hormones and neuropeptides that are essential for life
-Condition affect blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and androgen excess
Adrenal cortex G zone - ANSWERS-Synthesize aldosterone, critical for sodium and potassium retention
and acid-base balance
-Mineralcorticoids
Adrenal cortex F zone - ANSWERS-Synthesize gloucocorticoids , DHEA production is produced here
-Glucocorticoids
Adrenal cortex R zone - ANSWERS-Sulfated DHEA-7 and DHEA's
-Androgens
Criteria for primary aldosteronism - ANSWERS-Aldosterone can be suppressed
-Plasma aldosteron/plasma renin activtiy >25
-Low plasma renin that fails to increased with depletion
