Exam (elaborations) TEAS NURSING

TEAS NURSING EXAM
nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER-structure contained within the nucleus that consists of
proteins; does not have a membrane

animal cell structures - CORRECT ANSWER-- centrosome
- centriole
- lysosome
- cilia
- flagella

centrosome - CORRECT ANSWER-pair of centrioles located at right angles to each
other surrounded by protein; involved in mitosis and cell cycle

centriole - CORRECT ANSWER-cylinder shaped structures near the nucleus that are
involved in cell division

lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER-digests proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

transports undigested substances to cell membrane so they can be removed

cilia - CORRECT ANSWER-appendages extending from the surface of the cell

causes the cell to move

flagella - CORRECT ANSWER-tail-like structures on cells that use whip-like movements
to help the cell move; similar to cilia, but longer and not as numerous

cell cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-process by which a cell reproduces - cell growth,
duplication of genetic material, cell division

mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER-1. interphase
2. prophase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase

interphase - CORRECT ANSWER-cell prepares for division by replicating its genetic
and cytoplasmic material - G1, S, and G2

prophase - CORRECT ANSWER-chromatin thickens into chromosomes

nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate

,pairs of centrioles begin to move to opposite sides of cell and spindle fibers begin to
form

mitotic spindle - CORRECT ANSWER-formed from cytoskeleton parts, moves
chromosomes around within the cell

metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER-the spindle moves to the center of the cell and
chromosome pairs align along the center of the spindle structure

anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER-pairs of chromosomes (sisters) begin to pull apart ;
when separated they are called daughter chromosomes ; grooves appear in the cell
membrane

telophase - CORRECT ANSWER-spindle disintegrates , nuclear membranes reform ,
chromosomes revert to chromatin

cell begins to furrow

-animal cells: membrane is pinched
- plant cells: a new cell wall begins to form

cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER-physical splitting of the cell into two

meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER-has same phases as mitosis but they happen twice -
tetrads of four chromatids are formed in first phase ; 2nd phase similar to mitosis

result is *4 daughter cells* with different sets of chromosomes

*encourages genetic diversity*

respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-upper and lower

upper respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx,
larynx

lower respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-trachea, lungs, bronchial tree

categorizing components of respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-part of the
airway, the lungs, or the respiratory muscles

airway - CORRECT ANSWER-nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice
box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, bronchial network

lined with cilia to trap foreign particles

lungs - CORRECT ANSWER-structures that house the bronchi and bronchial network

, surrounded by a pleural membrane

bronchi and bronchial network - CORRECT ANSWER-extend into lungs and terminate
in millions of alveoli (air sacs)

walls of alveoli - CORRECT ANSWER-one cell thick; allow for exchange of gases with
the blood capillaries that surround them

right lung - CORRECT ANSWER-has three lobes

left lung - CORRECT ANSWER-has 2 lobes - to leave room for the heart

pleural membrane around lungs - CORRECT ANSWER-reduces friction between
surfaces when breathing

respiratory muscles - CORRECT ANSWER-diaphragm and intercostal muscles

diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER-dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic
and abdominal cavities

intercostal muscles - CORRECT ANSWER-located between the ribs

functions of the respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER-- to supply the body of
oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide
- filters air (warmed, moistened, and filtered through nasal passages before getting to
the lungs)
- responsible for speech
- sense of smell
- cough production
- helps body maintain acid-base homeostasis

how is the respiratory system responsible for speech - CORRECT ANSWER-as air
passes through the throat, it moves through the larynx (voice box) , which vibrates and
produces sound , before it enters the trachea (windpipe)

cough production - CORRECT ANSWER-expels foreign particles that enter through
nasal cavity or airways

smell - CORRECT ANSWER-chemoreceptors that are located in the nasal cavity
respond to airborne chemicals

how does the respiratory system help the body maintain acid-base homeostasis -
CORRECT ANSWER-*hyperventilation* can increase blood pH during *acidosis* (low
pH)