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Quality improvement (QI) - ANSWER-Proactive, process-driven, systematic actions to improve client
outcomes and performance in healthcare delivery.
Quality assurance (QA) - ANSWER-Reactive, problem-driven measures to improve client outcomes and
healthcare delivery.
Standardization - ANSWER-The process of creating and implementing consistent guidelines, methods,
steps, processes, or practices that improve the quality of care and client safety.
Nursing-sensitive quality indicators - ANSWER-Measure elements of client care affected by nursing care,
emphasizing quality of care.
Structure - ANSWER-The condition of the environment in which care is provided.
Process - ANSWER-Measures the mechanisms of the care provided.
Outcomes - ANSWER-Includes measurable results, positive or negative, of the care provided.
QI model - ANSWER-Assists in developing and changing practices to implement quality standards in a
structured manner.
PDSA model - ANSWER-A four-step process for quality improvement that includes plan, do, study, act.
Six Sigma and Lean models - ANSWER-Other models widely used in the business world for Quality
Improvement.