West-E Social Studies Questions With Correct Solutions, Already Passed!!

How did Thomas Aquinas influence political study? - He adapted the ideas of Aristotle to a Christian perspective. Focused on having certain rights and responsibilities. Laid the groundwork for what would become modern constitutionalism. How did Niccolo Machiavelli influence political study? - He wrote The Prince and was a proponent of politics based on power. How did Thomas Hobbes influence political study? - Author of Leviathan (1651); believed that individual's lives were focused on the quest for power; and the state must control this urge. People were unable to live in harmony without government intervention. How did John Locke influence political study? - Wrote Two Treatises of Civil Government (1690); argued against Hobbes ideas; idea of "tabula rasa" or blank slate; Experience molds individual minds, not innate knowledge or intuition; all men were essentially good; many of his ideas were included in the US Constitution How did Montesquieu and Rousseau influence political study? - () heavily influenced the French revolution; believed government policies should change to alleviate existing problems "liberalism" Wrote: "The Social Contract (1762); "Declaration of he Rights of Man" and "The Citizen (1789) How did Hume and Bentham influence political study? - "the greatest happiness for the greatest number"; believed in empiricism - proof must be observed in order to believe an idea How did John Stuart Mill influence political study? - British philosopher and economist; progressive - women's suffrage; emancipation; and development of labor organizations and farming coops () How did Fichte and Hegel influence political study? - 18th century German philosophers; supported a form of liberalism grounded largely in socialism and a sense of nationalismWhat is liberalism? - Belief that government policies should change to alleviate existing problems What is paternalism? - Condescending belief that a superior is "helping" someone in a subordinate position (like master to slave) because that person is incapable of helping themselves Federalism - power of the government does not belong entirely to the national government, but is divided between national and state governments popular sovereignty - government is determined by the people and gains its authority and power from the people What did Aristotle and Plato believe about political science? - It would lead to order in political matters and that this organized order would create stable, just societies separation of powers - government is divided into three branches - executive, legislative and judicial judicial review - courts at all levels of government can declare laws invalid if they contradict the constitutions of individual station, or the US constitution liberal political orientation - believes in working to increase equality, sometimes at the expense of some freedoms, but overall government should not interfere with individual freedom conservate political orientation - government should be limited in all cases except those of supporting longstanding moral values, often tied to religious beliefs; allow citizens to solve social issues; little to no regulation on businesses moderate political orientation - incorporates ome liberal and some conservative values libertarian - limiting the role of government to the defense of the country and supporting social as well as economic freedomIn the U.S. legal system, judges are empowered to issue a writ of habeas corpus to ensure that suspects in a criminal investigation: - cannot be kept in jail without being charged with a specific crime. Which of the following best describes a major responsibility of the governor of Washington? - appointing the directors and members of boards or commissions that oversee state agencies