Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 7th, and 8th
Edition by Nelson, All Chapters
Nucleoid - ANSWER: The region in a bacterial cell where the DNA is located, not enclosed by a
membrane.
Eukaryotes - ANSWER: Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope.
Nuclear envelope - ANSWER: The double membrane structure that encloses the nucleus in eukaryotic
cells.
Cell dimensions - ANSWER: Living cells usually have lengths and diameters in the range of 0.1 μm to
100 μm.
Archaea - ANSWER: A group of single-celled microorganisms found growing in extreme environments.
Chemoheterotroph - ANSWER: An organism that requires organic molecules for growth and energy.
Organelles - ANSWER: Specialized subunits within a cell, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum, and peroxisomes.
Noncovalent interaction - ANSWER: Interactions like hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, ionic
interactions, and van der Waals interactions that maintain macromolecular structure.
Carbon - ANSWER: One of the four most abundant elements in living organisms.
Tetrahedral - ANSWER: The geometry formed by the four covalent bonds around carbon in methane
(CH4).
Proteome - ANSWER: The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell.
Chemoautotrophs - ANSWER: Organisms that use inorganic compounds as energy sources and CO2 as
a carbon source.
Stereospecificity - ANSWER: The property of a reaction or process to produce a specific stereoisomer.
Dynamic steady state - ANSWER: A state in which a system is in a constant state of change but
maintains a stable overall condition.
Exothermic - ANSWER: A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ANSWER: The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells.
Enzymes - ANSWER: Biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by decreasing the
activation energy.
Anabolic - ANSWER: Energy-requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler
precursors.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ANSWER: The molecule that carries hereditary information in cells.
Three-dimensional structure - ANSWER: The primary determinant of a protein's function, formed by
the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
Edition by Nelson, All Chapters
Nucleoid - ANSWER: The region in a bacterial cell where the DNA is located, not enclosed by a
membrane.
Eukaryotes - ANSWER: Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope.
Nuclear envelope - ANSWER: The double membrane structure that encloses the nucleus in eukaryotic
cells.
Cell dimensions - ANSWER: Living cells usually have lengths and diameters in the range of 0.1 μm to
100 μm.
Archaea - ANSWER: A group of single-celled microorganisms found growing in extreme environments.
Chemoheterotroph - ANSWER: An organism that requires organic molecules for growth and energy.
Organelles - ANSWER: Specialized subunits within a cell, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum, and peroxisomes.
Noncovalent interaction - ANSWER: Interactions like hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, ionic
interactions, and van der Waals interactions that maintain macromolecular structure.
Carbon - ANSWER: One of the four most abundant elements in living organisms.
Tetrahedral - ANSWER: The geometry formed by the four covalent bonds around carbon in methane
(CH4).
Proteome - ANSWER: The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell.
Chemoautotrophs - ANSWER: Organisms that use inorganic compounds as energy sources and CO2 as
a carbon source.
Stereospecificity - ANSWER: The property of a reaction or process to produce a specific stereoisomer.
Dynamic steady state - ANSWER: A state in which a system is in a constant state of change but
maintains a stable overall condition.
Exothermic - ANSWER: A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ANSWER: The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells.
Enzymes - ANSWER: Biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by decreasing the
activation energy.
Anabolic - ANSWER: Energy-requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler
precursors.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ANSWER: The molecule that carries hereditary information in cells.
Three-dimensional structure - ANSWER: The primary determinant of a protein's function, formed by
the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
