PLTW - Medical Interventions Final Exam Study
Guide
What is a medical intervention? Correct Answer-Any measure whose
purpose is to improve health or alter the course of a disease
What are the main categories of interventions that function to maintain
human health? Correct Answer-Treatments, Diagnostics and Equipment
How do scientists gather evidence during the potential outbreak of an
infectious disease? Correct Answer-1. Record patient's symptoms and
find similarities with other patients
2. Isolate the bacteria in a lab
3. Go to affected areas and determine the origin of the disease
4. Identify the disease using DNA sequencing since pathogens alter
certain DNA sequences
What is bioinformatics? Correct Answer-The collection, classification,
storage, and analysis of biochemical and biological information using
computers. (Especially applied in molecular genetics and genomics)
How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens? Correct
Answer-You can observe mutations and abnormalities that disease
pathogens have
,What is an antibody? Correct Answer-A blood protein in the body
produced by B-cells (B-Lymphocytes) that fight against a foreign
substance by recognizing a specific part of it.
How do antibodies identify and inactivate antigens? Correct Answer-1.
Shape recognition
2. Proteins of the antigens are configured to specific antibodies, so the
foreign antigens bind to the specific antibodies that inactivate them
How can the ELISA assay be used to detect disease? Correct Answer-1.
Primary antibodies attach to specific antigen
2. Secondary antibody attaches to primary antibody
3. When enzyme substrate is added, color change occurs
Why is it important for doctors to know the concentration of the disease
antigen present in a patient's system? Correct Answer-Higher
concentration = closer to patient zero
Patient Zero Correct Answer-The first person to be infected with a
particular disease
What steps do scientists take to diagnose, treat, and prevent future
spread of a disease outbreak? Correct Answer-1. Record the symptoms
2. Locate the origin of the pathogen
3. Run tests to determine antibodies and antigens
4. Take preventative measures (quarantine, wash hands often, etc.)
, How were the following used in managing the outbreak on Sue Smith's
campus:
PCR, Bioinformatics/BLAST, and ELISA? Correct Answer-These tests
determine the concentration of the disease, which lead to the source of
the outbreak
Which part of the bacterial cell allows the bacteria to attach to specific
surfaces? Correct Answer-Adhesins, or cell-surface
components/appendages of the bacteria that facilitate attachment to other
cells or surfaces
Which bacterial structure is involved with protein synthesis? Correct
Answer-rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA (Ribosomal, Transfer, Messenger)
What is an endotoxin? Correct Answer-A toxin that is inherently present
inside a bacterial cell
What is the structural difference between Gram positive and Gram
negative bacteria? Correct Answer-Gram positive:
•Purple
•Thick cell wall
Gram negative:
•Pink
•Thin cell wall
Guide
What is a medical intervention? Correct Answer-Any measure whose
purpose is to improve health or alter the course of a disease
What are the main categories of interventions that function to maintain
human health? Correct Answer-Treatments, Diagnostics and Equipment
How do scientists gather evidence during the potential outbreak of an
infectious disease? Correct Answer-1. Record patient's symptoms and
find similarities with other patients
2. Isolate the bacteria in a lab
3. Go to affected areas and determine the origin of the disease
4. Identify the disease using DNA sequencing since pathogens alter
certain DNA sequences
What is bioinformatics? Correct Answer-The collection, classification,
storage, and analysis of biochemical and biological information using
computers. (Especially applied in molecular genetics and genomics)
How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens? Correct
Answer-You can observe mutations and abnormalities that disease
pathogens have
,What is an antibody? Correct Answer-A blood protein in the body
produced by B-cells (B-Lymphocytes) that fight against a foreign
substance by recognizing a specific part of it.
How do antibodies identify and inactivate antigens? Correct Answer-1.
Shape recognition
2. Proteins of the antigens are configured to specific antibodies, so the
foreign antigens bind to the specific antibodies that inactivate them
How can the ELISA assay be used to detect disease? Correct Answer-1.
Primary antibodies attach to specific antigen
2. Secondary antibody attaches to primary antibody
3. When enzyme substrate is added, color change occurs
Why is it important for doctors to know the concentration of the disease
antigen present in a patient's system? Correct Answer-Higher
concentration = closer to patient zero
Patient Zero Correct Answer-The first person to be infected with a
particular disease
What steps do scientists take to diagnose, treat, and prevent future
spread of a disease outbreak? Correct Answer-1. Record the symptoms
2. Locate the origin of the pathogen
3. Run tests to determine antibodies and antigens
4. Take preventative measures (quarantine, wash hands often, etc.)
, How were the following used in managing the outbreak on Sue Smith's
campus:
PCR, Bioinformatics/BLAST, and ELISA? Correct Answer-These tests
determine the concentration of the disease, which lead to the source of
the outbreak
Which part of the bacterial cell allows the bacteria to attach to specific
surfaces? Correct Answer-Adhesins, or cell-surface
components/appendages of the bacteria that facilitate attachment to other
cells or surfaces
Which bacterial structure is involved with protein synthesis? Correct
Answer-rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA (Ribosomal, Transfer, Messenger)
What is an endotoxin? Correct Answer-A toxin that is inherently present
inside a bacterial cell
What is the structural difference between Gram positive and Gram
negative bacteria? Correct Answer-Gram positive:
•Purple
•Thick cell wall
Gram negative:
•Pink
•Thin cell wall
