Multiple-Choice Questions
1. What is the primary purpose of dream analysis in psychoanalysis, according to Freud?
A) To provide a direct reflection of a person's current thoughts and feelings
B) To fulfill unconscious wishes and desires in a disguised form
C) To diagnose mental disorders based solely on dream content
D) To enhance memory recall of waking life experiences
2. In the context of psychoanalysis, what does the term "transference" refer to?
A) The process of transferring unconscious thoughts into conscious awareness
B) The patient's reaction to the analyst as if they are a significant figure from the patient's past
C) The method of interpreting dreams to uncover latent content
D) The resistance a patient shows when confronting repressed memories
3. What is a key assumption of behaviorism regarding human behavior?
A) Human behavior is primarily influenced by innate biological drives.
B) Human behavior is a result of free will and personal choice.
C) Human behavior must be explained in terms of the causal influence of the environment.
D) Human behavior is solely determined by unconscious motives.
4. How does behaviorism view the concept of free will?
A) Behaviorism supports the idea of free will as a fundamental aspect of human nature.
B) Behaviorism suggests that free will is an illusion and that behavior is determined by environmental
factors.
C) Behaviorism claims that free will exists but is limited by social conditioning.
D) Behaviorism posits that free will is irrelevant to understanding human behavior.
5. What is the primary function of the ego in Freud's model of personality?
A) To amplify the desires of the Id
B) To mediate between the Id and Superego
C) To eliminate anxiety completely
D) To enforce societal norms without exception
6. Which type of anxiety is characterized by a conflict between the Ego and Superego, often resulting in
feelings of shame?
A) Objective anxiety
B) Neurotic anxiety
C) Moral anxiety
D) Existential anxiety
7. What is the primary focus of the psychosexual stage theory in personality development?
A) The development of cognitive skills during childhood
B) The resolution of conflicts related to sexual gratification at different stages
C) The influence of environmental factors on personality
D) The role of social interactions in shaping behavior
8. Which of the following defense mechanisms involves acting in a way that is contrary to one's true feelings?
A) Regression
B) Reaction formation
, C) Isolation of affect
D) Undoing
9. What is the primary function of the ego in Freud's structural model of personality?
A) To act on immediate desires and impulses
B) To mediate between the id and the superego
C) To represent societal values and ideals
D) To store repressed memories and unconscious thoughts
10. According to Freud's theory, what is the source of psychic energy that motivates human behavior?
A) Environmental influences and social interactions
B) The conscious mind's awareness of reality
C) Innate instincts such as self-preservation and sexual instincts
D) The development of moral values and societal norms
11. What is a key limitation of systematic theorists in psychology, as highlighted in the text?
A) They provide a comprehensive understanding of human behavior.
B) They often overlook the complexity of real-life situations.
C) They emphasize the importance of subjective experiences.
D) They integrate various psychological theories into a unified framework.
12. According to Carl Rogers, what is the primary source of psychological distress experienced by individuals?
A) The inability to achieve personal goals.
B) The need for approval from others leading to a disconnection from the authentic self.
C) The repression of animalistic instincts as suggested by Freud.
D) The lack of systematic research in psychology.
13. What is the primary focus of John B. Watson's behaviorism?
A) The study of internal thoughts and feelings
B) The rejection of introspection and the emphasis on observable behavior
C) The exploration of genetic influences on behavior
D) The analysis of dreams and unconscious motives
14. In the context of classical conditioning, what does the term "extinction" refer to?
A) The process of reinforcing a conditioned response
B) The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented
without the unconditioned stimulus
C) The initial pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
D) The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli
15. What is the primary function of a reinforcer in operant conditioning?
A) To decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again
B) To follow a response and increase the probability of that response happening again
C) To create a complex behavior through immediate rewards
D) To serve as a punishment for undesirable behaviors
16. In the context of behavioral assessment, what does the "ABC Assessment" refer to?
A) Assessing the antecedent conditions, the behavior itself, and the consequences of the behavior
B) Analyzing the average behavior of a group, the best practices, and the consequences of actions
C) A method for categorizing behaviors based on their frequency, intensity, and consequences
1. What is the primary purpose of dream analysis in psychoanalysis, according to Freud?
A) To provide a direct reflection of a person's current thoughts and feelings
B) To fulfill unconscious wishes and desires in a disguised form
C) To diagnose mental disorders based solely on dream content
D) To enhance memory recall of waking life experiences
2. In the context of psychoanalysis, what does the term "transference" refer to?
A) The process of transferring unconscious thoughts into conscious awareness
B) The patient's reaction to the analyst as if they are a significant figure from the patient's past
C) The method of interpreting dreams to uncover latent content
D) The resistance a patient shows when confronting repressed memories
3. What is a key assumption of behaviorism regarding human behavior?
A) Human behavior is primarily influenced by innate biological drives.
B) Human behavior is a result of free will and personal choice.
C) Human behavior must be explained in terms of the causal influence of the environment.
D) Human behavior is solely determined by unconscious motives.
4. How does behaviorism view the concept of free will?
A) Behaviorism supports the idea of free will as a fundamental aspect of human nature.
B) Behaviorism suggests that free will is an illusion and that behavior is determined by environmental
factors.
C) Behaviorism claims that free will exists but is limited by social conditioning.
D) Behaviorism posits that free will is irrelevant to understanding human behavior.
5. What is the primary function of the ego in Freud's model of personality?
A) To amplify the desires of the Id
B) To mediate between the Id and Superego
C) To eliminate anxiety completely
D) To enforce societal norms without exception
6. Which type of anxiety is characterized by a conflict between the Ego and Superego, often resulting in
feelings of shame?
A) Objective anxiety
B) Neurotic anxiety
C) Moral anxiety
D) Existential anxiety
7. What is the primary focus of the psychosexual stage theory in personality development?
A) The development of cognitive skills during childhood
B) The resolution of conflicts related to sexual gratification at different stages
C) The influence of environmental factors on personality
D) The role of social interactions in shaping behavior
8. Which of the following defense mechanisms involves acting in a way that is contrary to one's true feelings?
A) Regression
B) Reaction formation
, C) Isolation of affect
D) Undoing
9. What is the primary function of the ego in Freud's structural model of personality?
A) To act on immediate desires and impulses
B) To mediate between the id and the superego
C) To represent societal values and ideals
D) To store repressed memories and unconscious thoughts
10. According to Freud's theory, what is the source of psychic energy that motivates human behavior?
A) Environmental influences and social interactions
B) The conscious mind's awareness of reality
C) Innate instincts such as self-preservation and sexual instincts
D) The development of moral values and societal norms
11. What is a key limitation of systematic theorists in psychology, as highlighted in the text?
A) They provide a comprehensive understanding of human behavior.
B) They often overlook the complexity of real-life situations.
C) They emphasize the importance of subjective experiences.
D) They integrate various psychological theories into a unified framework.
12. According to Carl Rogers, what is the primary source of psychological distress experienced by individuals?
A) The inability to achieve personal goals.
B) The need for approval from others leading to a disconnection from the authentic self.
C) The repression of animalistic instincts as suggested by Freud.
D) The lack of systematic research in psychology.
13. What is the primary focus of John B. Watson's behaviorism?
A) The study of internal thoughts and feelings
B) The rejection of introspection and the emphasis on observable behavior
C) The exploration of genetic influences on behavior
D) The analysis of dreams and unconscious motives
14. In the context of classical conditioning, what does the term "extinction" refer to?
A) The process of reinforcing a conditioned response
B) The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented
without the unconditioned stimulus
C) The initial pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
D) The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli
15. What is the primary function of a reinforcer in operant conditioning?
A) To decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again
B) To follow a response and increase the probability of that response happening again
C) To create a complex behavior through immediate rewards
D) To serve as a punishment for undesirable behaviors
16. In the context of behavioral assessment, what does the "ABC Assessment" refer to?
A) Assessing the antecedent conditions, the behavior itself, and the consequences of the behavior
B) Analyzing the average behavior of a group, the best practices, and the consequences of actions
C) A method for categorizing behaviors based on their frequency, intensity, and consequences
