Test Bank For Cengage Cognition: Theories and Applications
Chapter 1-Introduction
Chapter 1-Introduction
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Cognition can be simply defined as
a. the study of memory.
b. the acquisition of knowledge.
c. the relationship between a stimulus and a response.
d. the relationship between cognition and brain function.
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
2. Which term was not included in Neisser's definition of cognitive psychology?
a. transformation c. elaboration
b. passive registration d. storage
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: The Information Processing Approach
3. In Niesser’s definition of cognitive psychology, “… sensory input is transformed…,” means
a. passive registration of physical energies from the environment on the sensory receptors.
b. active construction involving both elaboration and reduction.
c. cross-modal matching (e.g., visually identifying an object based on feeling its shape).
d. All of these
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: The Information Processing Approach
4. The “tip-of-the-tongue” phenomenon is an example of a failure of
a. attention. c. storage.
b. recognition. d. retrieval.
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
MSC: WWW
5. The dominant theoretical approach to cognitive psychology today is
a. behaviorism. c. psychoanalysis.
b. learning theory. d. the information processing approach.
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
6. The information processing approach reflects ideas from
a. the computer metaphor. c. the evolutionary metaphor.
b. the cultural metaphor. d. the brain metaphor
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
7. What is the correct order of stages in an information-processing model?
a. pattern recognition-sensory store-filter c. sensory store-filter-pattern recognition
1
,Test Bank For Cengage Cognition: Theories and Applications
Chapter 1-Introduction
b. sensory store-pattern recognition-filter d. pattern recognition-filter-sensory store
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
8. Top down processing is
a. the use of pattern recognition in identifying objects.
b. the use of sensory information in identifying objects in the world.
c. the processing that occurs when you scan in information (e.g., a chair) by beginning at the
top of the object and scanning downward.
d. the use of stored information to aid in processing sensory input.
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: The Information Processing Approach
9. When you use only sensory information to read/recognize a word, you are using
a. top-down processing. c. lateral processing.
b. bottom-up processing. d. None of these
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: The Information Processing Approach
MSC: WWW
10. Sensory processing is to _____ as meaning-based processing is to _____.
a. top-down processing; bottom-up processing
b. bottom-up processing; top-down processing
c. lateral processing; lateral inhibition
d. lateral inhibition; lateral processing
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: The Information Processing Approach
11. What is the function of the sensory store?
a. It is a new website that sells sensory information.
b. It extends the amount of time we have to recognize a pattern for a fraction of a second
after the event has happened.
c. It compiles our memories so that our most stimulating experiences are easiest to recall.
d. It keeps a permanent, exact impression of the physical energy that produced every
experience we’ve ever had.
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
12. The sensory store
a. is where all sensory information is permanently placed for future use.
b. is where all sensory information is located allowing us to use together information from
the different senses into a coherent whole.
c. maintains sensory information in its original form for a brief time.
d. maintains sensory information for a brief time after it has been pattern recognized.
2
,Test Bank For Cengage Cognition: Theories and Applications
Chapter 1-Introduction
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
13. Which of the stages represent attention according to the information-processing model presented in
Chapter 1?
a. sensory store and filter c. filter and selection
b. filter and pattern recognition d. selection and STM
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
MSC: WWW
14. In the information processing model, the role of the filter and the role of selection
a. reflect aspects of attention.
b. are components of the processes supporting the transfer of information from short-term
into long-term memory.
c. reflect aspects of concept formation.
d. are components of the sensory store.
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
15. Short-term memory has the following limitations:
a. single sensory modality and duration. c. capacity and single modality.
b. duration and capacity. d. there are no substantial limitations.
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
16. Where do higher-order cognitive processes, such as solving problems, happen in the
information-processing model described in Chapter 1?
a. short-term memory
b. long-term memory
c. selection
d. higher-order processes, such as solving problems, do not have a separate stage in this
model.
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: The Information Processing Approach
17. A book that had a major negative impact on the growth of cognitive psychology was
a. James' Principles of Psychology. c. Watson's Behaviorism.
b. Kohler's The Mentality of Apes. d. Bartlett's Remembering.
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
18. The stimulus-response approach was encouraged by
a. Watson's Behaviorism. c. Bartlett's Remembering.
b. James' Principles of Psychology. d. Neisser's Cognitive Psychology.
3
, Test Bank For Cengage Cognition: Theories and Applications
Chapter 1-Introduction
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
19. Which of the following does not belong?
a. long-term memory c. artificial intelligence
b. semantic networks d. S-R
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
20. Broadbent’s original filter model was proposed to explain
a. why you can walk, talk, and chew gum at the same time.
b. why you can’t watch all three rings of a three-ring circus at the same time.
c. why you can listen and see at the same time.
d. why you can’t listen to your professor at the same time as to the friend sitting beside you.
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
21. Which of the following were not considered important in the development of cognitive psychology?
a. Miller c. Broadbent
b. Chomsky d. Franklin
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
22. Who among the following does not belong?
a. Miller c. Galanter
b. Watson d. Pribram
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
23. Why did behaviorism have a negative impact on the growth of cognitive psychology?
a. Behaviorism stated that it was unscientific to explain behaviors in terms of what the
person did (internally) with the information presented in the stimulus before they
responded.
b. Behaviorists’ results were difficult to replicate and thus gave the field a bad reputation in
the scientific community.
c. Behaviorism caused people to focus on applied psychotherapy instead of pure research.
d. Behaviorism was seen by the public as cruel, and thus fell out of favor with the politicians
who funded scientific research.
ANS: A DIF: Conceptual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
24. TOTE stands for
a. Test-Operate-Test-Exit. c. Transform-Organize-Test-Evaluate.
b. Test-Organize-Test-Evaluate. d. Think-Out-Total-Event.
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
25. Miller, Galanter, and Pribram proposed the TOTE (Test-Operate-Test-Exit) unit to explain how people
a. recognize patterns. c. construct sentences.
b. search memory. d. construct plans.
4
Chapter 1-Introduction
Chapter 1-Introduction
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Cognition can be simply defined as
a. the study of memory.
b. the acquisition of knowledge.
c. the relationship between a stimulus and a response.
d. the relationship between cognition and brain function.
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
2. Which term was not included in Neisser's definition of cognitive psychology?
a. transformation c. elaboration
b. passive registration d. storage
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: The Information Processing Approach
3. In Niesser’s definition of cognitive psychology, “… sensory input is transformed…,” means
a. passive registration of physical energies from the environment on the sensory receptors.
b. active construction involving both elaboration and reduction.
c. cross-modal matching (e.g., visually identifying an object based on feeling its shape).
d. All of these
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: The Information Processing Approach
4. The “tip-of-the-tongue” phenomenon is an example of a failure of
a. attention. c. storage.
b. recognition. d. retrieval.
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
MSC: WWW
5. The dominant theoretical approach to cognitive psychology today is
a. behaviorism. c. psychoanalysis.
b. learning theory. d. the information processing approach.
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
6. The information processing approach reflects ideas from
a. the computer metaphor. c. the evolutionary metaphor.
b. the cultural metaphor. d. the brain metaphor
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
7. What is the correct order of stages in an information-processing model?
a. pattern recognition-sensory store-filter c. sensory store-filter-pattern recognition
1
,Test Bank For Cengage Cognition: Theories and Applications
Chapter 1-Introduction
b. sensory store-pattern recognition-filter d. pattern recognition-filter-sensory store
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
8. Top down processing is
a. the use of pattern recognition in identifying objects.
b. the use of sensory information in identifying objects in the world.
c. the processing that occurs when you scan in information (e.g., a chair) by beginning at the
top of the object and scanning downward.
d. the use of stored information to aid in processing sensory input.
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: The Information Processing Approach
9. When you use only sensory information to read/recognize a word, you are using
a. top-down processing. c. lateral processing.
b. bottom-up processing. d. None of these
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: The Information Processing Approach
MSC: WWW
10. Sensory processing is to _____ as meaning-based processing is to _____.
a. top-down processing; bottom-up processing
b. bottom-up processing; top-down processing
c. lateral processing; lateral inhibition
d. lateral inhibition; lateral processing
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: The Information Processing Approach
11. What is the function of the sensory store?
a. It is a new website that sells sensory information.
b. It extends the amount of time we have to recognize a pattern for a fraction of a second
after the event has happened.
c. It compiles our memories so that our most stimulating experiences are easiest to recall.
d. It keeps a permanent, exact impression of the physical energy that produced every
experience we’ve ever had.
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
12. The sensory store
a. is where all sensory information is permanently placed for future use.
b. is where all sensory information is located allowing us to use together information from
the different senses into a coherent whole.
c. maintains sensory information in its original form for a brief time.
d. maintains sensory information for a brief time after it has been pattern recognized.
2
,Test Bank For Cengage Cognition: Theories and Applications
Chapter 1-Introduction
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
13. Which of the stages represent attention according to the information-processing model presented in
Chapter 1?
a. sensory store and filter c. filter and selection
b. filter and pattern recognition d. selection and STM
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
MSC: WWW
14. In the information processing model, the role of the filter and the role of selection
a. reflect aspects of attention.
b. are components of the processes supporting the transfer of information from short-term
into long-term memory.
c. reflect aspects of concept formation.
d. are components of the sensory store.
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
15. Short-term memory has the following limitations:
a. single sensory modality and duration. c. capacity and single modality.
b. duration and capacity. d. there are no substantial limitations.
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: The Information Processing Approach
16. Where do higher-order cognitive processes, such as solving problems, happen in the
information-processing model described in Chapter 1?
a. short-term memory
b. long-term memory
c. selection
d. higher-order processes, such as solving problems, do not have a separate stage in this
model.
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: The Information Processing Approach
17. A book that had a major negative impact on the growth of cognitive psychology was
a. James' Principles of Psychology. c. Watson's Behaviorism.
b. Kohler's The Mentality of Apes. d. Bartlett's Remembering.
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
18. The stimulus-response approach was encouraged by
a. Watson's Behaviorism. c. Bartlett's Remembering.
b. James' Principles of Psychology. d. Neisser's Cognitive Psychology.
3
, Test Bank For Cengage Cognition: Theories and Applications
Chapter 1-Introduction
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
19. Which of the following does not belong?
a. long-term memory c. artificial intelligence
b. semantic networks d. S-R
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
20. Broadbent’s original filter model was proposed to explain
a. why you can walk, talk, and chew gum at the same time.
b. why you can’t watch all three rings of a three-ring circus at the same time.
c. why you can listen and see at the same time.
d. why you can’t listen to your professor at the same time as to the friend sitting beside you.
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
21. Which of the following were not considered important in the development of cognitive psychology?
a. Miller c. Broadbent
b. Chomsky d. Franklin
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
22. Who among the following does not belong?
a. Miller c. Galanter
b. Watson d. Pribram
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
23. Why did behaviorism have a negative impact on the growth of cognitive psychology?
a. Behaviorism stated that it was unscientific to explain behaviors in terms of what the
person did (internally) with the information presented in the stimulus before they
responded.
b. Behaviorists’ results were difficult to replicate and thus gave the field a bad reputation in
the scientific community.
c. Behaviorism caused people to focus on applied psychotherapy instead of pure research.
d. Behaviorism was seen by the public as cruel, and thus fell out of favor with the politicians
who funded scientific research.
ANS: A DIF: Conceptual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
24. TOTE stands for
a. Test-Operate-Test-Exit. c. Transform-Organize-Test-Evaluate.
b. Test-Organize-Test-Evaluate. d. Think-Out-Total-Event.
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: The Growth of Cognitive Psychology
25. Miller, Galanter, and Pribram proposed the TOTE (Test-Operate-Test-Exit) unit to explain how people
a. recognize patterns. c. construct sentences.
b. search memory. d. construct plans.
4
