Bio 669 Quiz 6 Questions And Answers With 100%
Correct Solutions Latest Update 2024/2025
renal capsule - ANSWER mass of fat surrounding & covering each kidney
renal fascia - ANSWER a fibrous tissue that double wraps the renal capsules
-contains adipose & connective tissue
hilum - ANSWER indentation in kidneys & location for entry/exit of renal blood vessels,
nerves, ureters, lymphatic vessels
cortex - ANSWER outer portion of kidney
contains glumerulus, proximal tubules & distal tubules
medulla - ANSWER inner portion of kidney
contains renal pyramids-which contain the loop of henle & collecting ducts
-renal columns-extentions of cortex & extend b/w renal pyramids to renal pelvis
-major & minor calyces-chambers receiving urine from collecting ducts & enter renal pelvis
structural unit of kidneys - ANSWER lobe
-each lobe contains a pyramid & the overlying cortex
nephron - ANSWER functional unit of kidneys
3 kinds-superficial cortical=85% of nephrons, extends into medulla
-midcortical=short or long loops
-juxtamedullary-12% of nephrons, lie close & extend deep into medulla, important for concentrating
urine
glomerulus - ANSWER tufts of capillaries that loop into bowmans capsula
bowmans capsule - ANSWER covers glomerulus & captures any fluid that leaks out of it
mesangial cells - ANSWER secrete mesangial matrix that helps keep glomerulus together
-part connective tissue
-part smooth muscle so they contract to control blood flow
-part immune cells b/c they are phagocytotic & release cytokines
renal corpuscle - ANSWER glomerulus, mesangial cells, & bowmans capsule
glomerular filtration membrane - ANSWER filters blood components thru its 3 layers
-inner capillary endothelium-in continuous contact w/basement membrane & contains pores
, -middle basement membrane-selectively permeable network
-outer capillary epithelium-contains podocytes from which pedicles/foot projections that radiate &
adhere to basement membrane
filtration slits - ANSWER the pedicles interlock w/adjacts pedicles forming a network of
intercellular clefts
glomerular filtration membrane duty - ANSWER separates blood of glomerular capillaries
from fluid in bowmans space & filters all components of blood ecept plasma proteins
principal cells - ANSWER found in distal tubules
-reabsorbs sodium & secretes K
-sensitive to aldosterone
intercalated cells - ANSWER secrete H & reabsorb K & bicarb
juxtaglomerular cells - ANSWER renin releasing cells that surround the afferent arteriole that
enters the golmeulus
-b/w the afferent & efferent arterioles is the macula dense which has sodium sensing cells
juxtaglomerular apparatus - ANSWER juxtaglomerular cells & macula densa together
-controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, & renin secretion
-detect pressure, volume, & Na differences
interlobar artery - ANSWER separate b/w renal pyramids & supply blood to arcuate arteries
vasa vecta - ANSWER network of capillaries the forms loops & closely follows the loop of
henle
-only supply blood to the medulla
-important for forming concentrated urine
ureters - ANSWER long intertwining smooth muscle bundles
-pass thru bladder & smooth muscle causes peristaltic activity propeling urine into bladder
-micturition compresses the lower end of ureter to prevent reflux of urine
bladder - ANSWER smooth muscle that forms the detrusor muscle that becomes thinner as
the bladder volume increases
-trigone is the smooth triangular area b/w 2 ureters & the urethra
urethra - ANSWER longer in males
-when bladder is full it contracts & internal uretheral sphincter relaxes aka mictuirition reflex, making
it feel like you have to void
Correct Solutions Latest Update 2024/2025
renal capsule - ANSWER mass of fat surrounding & covering each kidney
renal fascia - ANSWER a fibrous tissue that double wraps the renal capsules
-contains adipose & connective tissue
hilum - ANSWER indentation in kidneys & location for entry/exit of renal blood vessels,
nerves, ureters, lymphatic vessels
cortex - ANSWER outer portion of kidney
contains glumerulus, proximal tubules & distal tubules
medulla - ANSWER inner portion of kidney
contains renal pyramids-which contain the loop of henle & collecting ducts
-renal columns-extentions of cortex & extend b/w renal pyramids to renal pelvis
-major & minor calyces-chambers receiving urine from collecting ducts & enter renal pelvis
structural unit of kidneys - ANSWER lobe
-each lobe contains a pyramid & the overlying cortex
nephron - ANSWER functional unit of kidneys
3 kinds-superficial cortical=85% of nephrons, extends into medulla
-midcortical=short or long loops
-juxtamedullary-12% of nephrons, lie close & extend deep into medulla, important for concentrating
urine
glomerulus - ANSWER tufts of capillaries that loop into bowmans capsula
bowmans capsule - ANSWER covers glomerulus & captures any fluid that leaks out of it
mesangial cells - ANSWER secrete mesangial matrix that helps keep glomerulus together
-part connective tissue
-part smooth muscle so they contract to control blood flow
-part immune cells b/c they are phagocytotic & release cytokines
renal corpuscle - ANSWER glomerulus, mesangial cells, & bowmans capsule
glomerular filtration membrane - ANSWER filters blood components thru its 3 layers
-inner capillary endothelium-in continuous contact w/basement membrane & contains pores
, -middle basement membrane-selectively permeable network
-outer capillary epithelium-contains podocytes from which pedicles/foot projections that radiate &
adhere to basement membrane
filtration slits - ANSWER the pedicles interlock w/adjacts pedicles forming a network of
intercellular clefts
glomerular filtration membrane duty - ANSWER separates blood of glomerular capillaries
from fluid in bowmans space & filters all components of blood ecept plasma proteins
principal cells - ANSWER found in distal tubules
-reabsorbs sodium & secretes K
-sensitive to aldosterone
intercalated cells - ANSWER secrete H & reabsorb K & bicarb
juxtaglomerular cells - ANSWER renin releasing cells that surround the afferent arteriole that
enters the golmeulus
-b/w the afferent & efferent arterioles is the macula dense which has sodium sensing cells
juxtaglomerular apparatus - ANSWER juxtaglomerular cells & macula densa together
-controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, & renin secretion
-detect pressure, volume, & Na differences
interlobar artery - ANSWER separate b/w renal pyramids & supply blood to arcuate arteries
vasa vecta - ANSWER network of capillaries the forms loops & closely follows the loop of
henle
-only supply blood to the medulla
-important for forming concentrated urine
ureters - ANSWER long intertwining smooth muscle bundles
-pass thru bladder & smooth muscle causes peristaltic activity propeling urine into bladder
-micturition compresses the lower end of ureter to prevent reflux of urine
bladder - ANSWER smooth muscle that forms the detrusor muscle that becomes thinner as
the bladder volume increases
-trigone is the smooth triangular area b/w 2 ureters & the urethra
urethra - ANSWER longer in males
-when bladder is full it contracts & internal uretheral sphincter relaxes aka mictuirition reflex, making
it feel like you have to void
