57696721 743735
,57696721 743735
QUESTION 1
1.1. Explain the importance of zinc supplements for children in developing countries. (7)
- PP 421 – 422 P.B
• Developed countries people do not have to take Zinc supplements due to their diet having
enough Zinc.
• Developing countries Zinc supplementation plays a major role to reduce incidences such as
diseases and death.
• Zinc deficiency is commonly seen in children in developing countries and plays a big role in
decreased immunity and there is an increased risk of infection.
• Giving Zinc supplementation for children can reduce mortality due to common causes like
diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria.
1.2. A key difference between zinc and iron is the circular passage of zinc from the small
intestine to the body and back again. Draw a simple figure to illustrate the
enteropancreatic circulation of zinc. (6)
- P 420 P.B
Zinc in Food.
Zinc is not absorbed and
Mucosal cells in the excreted in shed intestinal
intestine store excess zinc cells instead. Zinc
in metallothionein. absorbtion is reduced
when body doesn’t need
Pancreas uses zinczinc
to zinc.
Pancreas uses
make digestive enzymes
and secretes them into
intestine.
Metallothionein releases
zinc to albumin and
transferrin
,57696721 743735
1.3. Define the term “antioxidant” and list the four key antioxidant nutrients. (7)
(familydoctor.org, n.d.)
- Antioxidants in the body is substances that significantly decrease the adverse effects of free
radicals on normal physiological functions.
• 4 Key Antioxidant nutrients:
1. Vitamin A = milk, liver and eggs
2. Vitamin C = most fruits and veggies like oranges, broccoli and tomatoes
3. Vitamin E = nuts and seeds like almonds, peanuts and sunflower seeds
4. Selenium = pasta, bread and grains
- PP 364 – 367 P.B
1.4. Discuss the protective effect of antioxidants in the human body. (5)
- PP 364 – 367 P.B
1.5. Identify 5 different ways a person can make sure that they consume enough selenium.
(5)
- P 424 P.B
1. Eating fruits and vegetables from crops grown in selenium-good soil.
2. For people living in regions with selenium-poor soil they get fruits and vegetables from other
regions.
3. Eating as little as two Brazilian nuts a day is enough selenium intake.
4. Eating and drinking milk, eggs and meats are reliable sources of selenium.
QUESTION 2
2.1. Explain why scurvy was one of the limiting factors of marine travel which often
killed large numbers of the passengers and crew on long-distance voyages. (4)
- {P 121 MO001}
• Scurvy is from a prolonged lack of Vitamin C in the diet, which indicates a diet that
lacks fresh fruit or vegetables.
• Scurvy is a Vitamin C deficiency disease.
• Long distance voyages you don’t have fresh fruit and vegetables all the way.
2.2. List six conditions that increase the requirements for ascorbic acid. (6)
- {P.80 MO001}
1. Stress (Emotional or Environmental)
2. Use of certain medication
, 57696721 743735
3. Tissue healing of wounds
4. Fever and infections
5. Growth during childhood and pregnancy and
6. Smoking
2.3. Explain how ascorbic acid may reduce one’s risk for getting a cold? (3)
- (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017)
- PP 327 + 328 P.B
• Taking Vitamin C daily did not reduce risk of getting a cold.
• Taking 2 000mg per day did reduce the duration of cold symptoms by an average of
8% in adults and 14% in children, which translated to about one less day of illness.
2.4. Unfortunately, thousands of people take very large doses of ascorbic acid to
prevent colds. What side effects can one expect from ingesting ascorbic acid above the
upper limit (UL)? (2)
- (Elliott, 2017)
- PP 327 + 328 P.B
• It would be wise to not ingest more than 2 000mg of Vitamin C per day
• More than this dosis may lead to gastrointestinal upset, including diarrhea and nausea
QUESTION 3
3.1. Search for the following research article on google scholar.
Are Low Intakes and Deficiencies in Iron, Vitamin A, Zinc, and Iodine of Public Health
Concern in Ethiopian, Kenyan, Nigerian, and South African Children and
Adolescents? Rajwinder Harika, Mieke Faber, Folake Samuel, Afework Mulugeta,
Judith Kimiywe, and Ans Eilander. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2017, Vol. 38(3) 405-
427.
Evaluate this article against the following criteria:
CRITERIA COMMENTS MARK
Topic of the research article The topic is important for us to
• A topic of research that warrants some understand the health concerns
investigation around African countries. So this is a
good topic to be discussed. 4/5
Title of the article The title does not read easily, it should
• Captures the essential elements and read easier so that you can easily
content of the research catch on what the article is all about. 3/5
,57696721 743735
QUESTION 1
1.1. Explain the importance of zinc supplements for children in developing countries. (7)
- PP 421 – 422 P.B
• Developed countries people do not have to take Zinc supplements due to their diet having
enough Zinc.
• Developing countries Zinc supplementation plays a major role to reduce incidences such as
diseases and death.
• Zinc deficiency is commonly seen in children in developing countries and plays a big role in
decreased immunity and there is an increased risk of infection.
• Giving Zinc supplementation for children can reduce mortality due to common causes like
diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria.
1.2. A key difference between zinc and iron is the circular passage of zinc from the small
intestine to the body and back again. Draw a simple figure to illustrate the
enteropancreatic circulation of zinc. (6)
- P 420 P.B
Zinc in Food.
Zinc is not absorbed and
Mucosal cells in the excreted in shed intestinal
intestine store excess zinc cells instead. Zinc
in metallothionein. absorbtion is reduced
when body doesn’t need
Pancreas uses zinczinc
to zinc.
Pancreas uses
make digestive enzymes
and secretes them into
intestine.
Metallothionein releases
zinc to albumin and
transferrin
,57696721 743735
1.3. Define the term “antioxidant” and list the four key antioxidant nutrients. (7)
(familydoctor.org, n.d.)
- Antioxidants in the body is substances that significantly decrease the adverse effects of free
radicals on normal physiological functions.
• 4 Key Antioxidant nutrients:
1. Vitamin A = milk, liver and eggs
2. Vitamin C = most fruits and veggies like oranges, broccoli and tomatoes
3. Vitamin E = nuts and seeds like almonds, peanuts and sunflower seeds
4. Selenium = pasta, bread and grains
- PP 364 – 367 P.B
1.4. Discuss the protective effect of antioxidants in the human body. (5)
- PP 364 – 367 P.B
1.5. Identify 5 different ways a person can make sure that they consume enough selenium.
(5)
- P 424 P.B
1. Eating fruits and vegetables from crops grown in selenium-good soil.
2. For people living in regions with selenium-poor soil they get fruits and vegetables from other
regions.
3. Eating as little as two Brazilian nuts a day is enough selenium intake.
4. Eating and drinking milk, eggs and meats are reliable sources of selenium.
QUESTION 2
2.1. Explain why scurvy was one of the limiting factors of marine travel which often
killed large numbers of the passengers and crew on long-distance voyages. (4)
- {P 121 MO001}
• Scurvy is from a prolonged lack of Vitamin C in the diet, which indicates a diet that
lacks fresh fruit or vegetables.
• Scurvy is a Vitamin C deficiency disease.
• Long distance voyages you don’t have fresh fruit and vegetables all the way.
2.2. List six conditions that increase the requirements for ascorbic acid. (6)
- {P.80 MO001}
1. Stress (Emotional or Environmental)
2. Use of certain medication
, 57696721 743735
3. Tissue healing of wounds
4. Fever and infections
5. Growth during childhood and pregnancy and
6. Smoking
2.3. Explain how ascorbic acid may reduce one’s risk for getting a cold? (3)
- (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017)
- PP 327 + 328 P.B
• Taking Vitamin C daily did not reduce risk of getting a cold.
• Taking 2 000mg per day did reduce the duration of cold symptoms by an average of
8% in adults and 14% in children, which translated to about one less day of illness.
2.4. Unfortunately, thousands of people take very large doses of ascorbic acid to
prevent colds. What side effects can one expect from ingesting ascorbic acid above the
upper limit (UL)? (2)
- (Elliott, 2017)
- PP 327 + 328 P.B
• It would be wise to not ingest more than 2 000mg of Vitamin C per day
• More than this dosis may lead to gastrointestinal upset, including diarrhea and nausea
QUESTION 3
3.1. Search for the following research article on google scholar.
Are Low Intakes and Deficiencies in Iron, Vitamin A, Zinc, and Iodine of Public Health
Concern in Ethiopian, Kenyan, Nigerian, and South African Children and
Adolescents? Rajwinder Harika, Mieke Faber, Folake Samuel, Afework Mulugeta,
Judith Kimiywe, and Ans Eilander. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2017, Vol. 38(3) 405-
427.
Evaluate this article against the following criteria:
CRITERIA COMMENTS MARK
Topic of the research article The topic is important for us to
• A topic of research that warrants some understand the health concerns
investigation around African countries. So this is a
good topic to be discussed. 4/5
Title of the article The title does not read easily, it should
• Captures the essential elements and read easier so that you can easily
content of the research catch on what the article is all about. 3/5
