Bio. 1033 Chap. 7 BRCC Study Questions and Correct Answers

cellular respiration A process by which living cells obtain energy form organic molecules in the presence of oxygen and release waste products. aerobic respiration A type of cellular respiration in which O2 is consumed and CO2 is released. Glycolysis A metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to pyruvate. breakdown of pyruvate The two pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondrial matrix, where each one is broken down to an acetyl group (with two carbons each) and one CO2 molecule. For each pyruvate broken down via oxidation, one NADH molecule is made by the reduction of NAD+. pyruvate oxidation Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and CO2 that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix in the presence of O2. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration. oxidative phosphorylation A process during which NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to make more ATP via phosphorylation of ADP; the third major stage of cellular respiration. electron transport chain series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions energy investment phase Phase of Glycolysis that has two ATP molecules are hydrolyzed, and the phosphates from those ATP molecules are attached to glucose, which is converted into fructose-1,6 bisphosphate. cleavage phase This phase of Glycolysis breaks the 6 carbon molecule into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, which are three carbon molecules. energy liberation phase This phase of Glycolysis is used to produce energy intermediates. In step 6: Two molecules of NADH are made when two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are oxidized to two molecules of bisphoglycertate. In step 7-10, four molecules of ATP are made via substrate-level phosphorylation.