R= C
R-OH alcohol R N nitril
O R NO2 nitro
aldehyde X= F, Cl, Br, I
R X
R H halogenide
O O
-
O O-
keton P fosfaat
R R'
O O-
O
carbonzuur -
R OH O OR' fosfodiester
P
O (DNA, fosfolipiden)
OR
ester
R OR'
R-O-R' ether
R-SH thiol R = H of C
O
R-S-R' thioether of sulfide
O amide
R1 NR2 R3
R S
R' sulfoxide
O amine
NR3
R S OH O
sulfonzuur
O R1 S NR2 R3 sulfonamide
O
O
R S R' sulfon R1 R3
alkeen
O
OR' R2 R4
R hemi-acetaal
(koolhydraten) R1 R2 alkyn
OH