SEP Final Exam PASSED Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
arousal - Correct ANSWER- A blend of physiological and psychological activation, varying in
intensity along a continuum
- Ex. from sleeping to feeling excited
- Can be either positive or negative
anxiety - Correct ANSWER- A negative emotional state with feelings of worry, nervousness,
and apprehension associated with activation or arousal of the body
- Does not necessarily affect performance negatively
- Can be divided into state and trait anxiety
state anxiety - Correct ANSWER- - Refers to the ever-changing mood component
- Cognitive state anxiety: worries
- Somatic state anxiety: physiological activation, heart racing
- It is a right-now feeling of nervousness and apprehension that can change from moment to
moment
trait anxiety - Correct ANSWER- - A personality disposition that is stable over time
- People with high trait anxiety usually have more state anxiety in highly evaluative situations
measuring arousal and anxiety - Correct ANSWER- - Global and multidimensional self-report
scales
-- Competitive state anxiety inventory
-- Sport competition anxiety test
-- Sport anxiety scale
- Psychological signs
-- Heart rate
,-- Biochemistry
symptoms of arousal and state anxiety - Correct ANSWER- - Cold, clammy hands
- Constant need to urinate
- Profuse sweating
- Negative self-talk
- Dazed look in eyes
- Feeling ill
- Headache
- Dry mouth
- Constant sickness
- Difficulty sleeping
- Increased muscle tension
- Butterflies in stomach
- Inability to concentrate
- Consistently better performance in non-evaluative situations
stress - Correct ANSWER- - Imbalance between demand (physical and/or psychological) and
response capability under conditions where failure has important consequences
- Stress is a sequence of events that will lead to a particular end
-- Environmental demand
-- Perception of demand
-- Stress response
-- Behavioral consequences
the stress process - Correct ANSWER- - Environmental demand
-- Some type of demand is placed on an individual
-- Demand might be physical (ex. skill demonstration) or psychological (ex. pressure)
- Perception of demand
,-- People do not perceive demands in the same way
-- Level of trait anxiety greatly influences it
- Stress response
-- Physical and psychological response to a perception of the situation (ex. imbalance between
demands and response capability -> high stress
- Behavioral consequences
-- Actual behavior of the individual under stress
-- Imbalance between capability and demands may:
--- Decrease performance, or
--- Increase efforts
sources of stress and anxiety - Correct ANSWER- - Situational sources
-- Event importance
-- Uncertainty
- Personal sources
-- Trait anxiety
-- Social physique anxiety: degree to which people become anxious when others observe their
physiques; related to exercise behavior and perceived physical ability
theories in arousal, stress, and anxiety - Correct ANSWER- - Drive theory
- Inverted-U hypothesis
- Individualized zones of optimal functioning (IZOF)
- Catastrophe model
- Multidimensional anxiety theory
- Reversal theory
- Anxiety direction and intensity
drive theory of arousal - Correct ANSWER- - For well-learned skills, as an individual's arousal
or state of anxiety increases, so does performance
, - Also used as the basis for social facilitation theory: presence of other enhances performance on
simple or well-learned skills
- Limitations
-- We cannot expect highly skilled athletes to consistently excel in all high-pressure situations
-- Drive theory may work for a relatively simple task (ex. weightlifting)
- Home field advantage
-- During the regular season, a clear home field advantage with support and encouragement
exists for both professional and amateur team sports
-- However, during playoffs and championships, there is a proposed home field disadvantage
inverted-U hypothesis of arousal - Correct ANSWER- - High performance with the optimal
level of arousal
- Lesser performance with either low or very high arousal
- Limitations
-- Whether optimal arousal always occurs at the midpoint of the arousal continuum
-- Does not indicate individual differences in the optimal arousal, which is considered in IZOF
individualized zone of optimal functioning (IZOF) (arousal) - Correct ANSWER- - Optimal
level of state anxiety does not always occur at the midpoint of the continuum but rather varies
from individual to individual
- Optimal level of state anxiety is not a single point but a bandwidth
- Limitation
-- Does not address whether the components of state anxiety (somatic and cognitive anxiety)
affect performance in the same way
catastrophe phenomenon of arousal - Correct ANSWER- - Physiological arousal is related to
performance in an inverted-U fashion but only with low cognitive state anxiety (low-worry
situations)
- Physiological arousal is related to performance in a rapid decline with high cognitive state
anxiety (high-worry situations)
- Limitation
and CORRECT Answers
arousal - Correct ANSWER- A blend of physiological and psychological activation, varying in
intensity along a continuum
- Ex. from sleeping to feeling excited
- Can be either positive or negative
anxiety - Correct ANSWER- A negative emotional state with feelings of worry, nervousness,
and apprehension associated with activation or arousal of the body
- Does not necessarily affect performance negatively
- Can be divided into state and trait anxiety
state anxiety - Correct ANSWER- - Refers to the ever-changing mood component
- Cognitive state anxiety: worries
- Somatic state anxiety: physiological activation, heart racing
- It is a right-now feeling of nervousness and apprehension that can change from moment to
moment
trait anxiety - Correct ANSWER- - A personality disposition that is stable over time
- People with high trait anxiety usually have more state anxiety in highly evaluative situations
measuring arousal and anxiety - Correct ANSWER- - Global and multidimensional self-report
scales
-- Competitive state anxiety inventory
-- Sport competition anxiety test
-- Sport anxiety scale
- Psychological signs
-- Heart rate
,-- Biochemistry
symptoms of arousal and state anxiety - Correct ANSWER- - Cold, clammy hands
- Constant need to urinate
- Profuse sweating
- Negative self-talk
- Dazed look in eyes
- Feeling ill
- Headache
- Dry mouth
- Constant sickness
- Difficulty sleeping
- Increased muscle tension
- Butterflies in stomach
- Inability to concentrate
- Consistently better performance in non-evaluative situations
stress - Correct ANSWER- - Imbalance between demand (physical and/or psychological) and
response capability under conditions where failure has important consequences
- Stress is a sequence of events that will lead to a particular end
-- Environmental demand
-- Perception of demand
-- Stress response
-- Behavioral consequences
the stress process - Correct ANSWER- - Environmental demand
-- Some type of demand is placed on an individual
-- Demand might be physical (ex. skill demonstration) or psychological (ex. pressure)
- Perception of demand
,-- People do not perceive demands in the same way
-- Level of trait anxiety greatly influences it
- Stress response
-- Physical and psychological response to a perception of the situation (ex. imbalance between
demands and response capability -> high stress
- Behavioral consequences
-- Actual behavior of the individual under stress
-- Imbalance between capability and demands may:
--- Decrease performance, or
--- Increase efforts
sources of stress and anxiety - Correct ANSWER- - Situational sources
-- Event importance
-- Uncertainty
- Personal sources
-- Trait anxiety
-- Social physique anxiety: degree to which people become anxious when others observe their
physiques; related to exercise behavior and perceived physical ability
theories in arousal, stress, and anxiety - Correct ANSWER- - Drive theory
- Inverted-U hypothesis
- Individualized zones of optimal functioning (IZOF)
- Catastrophe model
- Multidimensional anxiety theory
- Reversal theory
- Anxiety direction and intensity
drive theory of arousal - Correct ANSWER- - For well-learned skills, as an individual's arousal
or state of anxiety increases, so does performance
, - Also used as the basis for social facilitation theory: presence of other enhances performance on
simple or well-learned skills
- Limitations
-- We cannot expect highly skilled athletes to consistently excel in all high-pressure situations
-- Drive theory may work for a relatively simple task (ex. weightlifting)
- Home field advantage
-- During the regular season, a clear home field advantage with support and encouragement
exists for both professional and amateur team sports
-- However, during playoffs and championships, there is a proposed home field disadvantage
inverted-U hypothesis of arousal - Correct ANSWER- - High performance with the optimal
level of arousal
- Lesser performance with either low or very high arousal
- Limitations
-- Whether optimal arousal always occurs at the midpoint of the arousal continuum
-- Does not indicate individual differences in the optimal arousal, which is considered in IZOF
individualized zone of optimal functioning (IZOF) (arousal) - Correct ANSWER- - Optimal
level of state anxiety does not always occur at the midpoint of the continuum but rather varies
from individual to individual
- Optimal level of state anxiety is not a single point but a bandwidth
- Limitation
-- Does not address whether the components of state anxiety (somatic and cognitive anxiety)
affect performance in the same way
catastrophe phenomenon of arousal - Correct ANSWER- - Physiological arousal is related to
performance in an inverted-U fashion but only with low cognitive state anxiety (low-worry
situations)
- Physiological arousal is related to performance in a rapid decline with high cognitive state
anxiety (high-worry situations)
- Limitation
