NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology ACTUAL EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS GRADED A+

2024 -2025 NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology ACTUAL EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ How does blood flow through the heart? Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood ejected through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be Oxygenated → Pulmonary Veins → L. Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps with each contraction) → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Bod y What is systole? Contraction of the heart which pumps blood What produces S1 and S2 sound? closing of the heart valves What produces S1? The mitral and tricuspid valves which close in systole What produces S2 sound? The closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves in diastole What is cardiac output? the volume o f blood pumped out by each ventricle per minute What is stroke volume? amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle with contraction What determines cardiac output? stroke volume and heart rate What is preload? the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts, related to ventricular filling, end diastolic pressure, amount of blood entering the ventricle during diastole What is afterload? resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood What is contractility? Normal ability of muscle to contract at a given force for a given stretch. It is independent of preload/afterload Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume? Decreased What conditions can result in decreas ed contractility? Ischemia, acidosis, cardiomyopathy