Wegen & tunnels – onderdeel wegen
samenvatting
Fadi Wartan s.1195125
Samenvatting lesstof tentamen wegen&tunnels semester 1 jaar 1 civiele techniek
Windesheim
1
,Inhoudsopgave
Les 1 Wegopbouw en ondergrond ............................................................................. 7
Wegennet ............................................................................................................ 7
Hoofdtypen Wegen: .......................................................................................... 7
Beheer: ............................................................................................................ 7
Basiseisen ........................................................................................................... 7
Ontwerpaspecten ................................................................................................ 8
Technische eisenpiramide .................................................................................... 9
Interacties ........................................................................................................ 9
Functionele eisen ................................................................................................10
Relatie met Andere Niveaus ..............................................................................10
Basistermen wegopbouw .....................................................................................11
Verticale onderdelen wegopbouw .........................................................................11
Horizontale onderdelen wegopbouw .....................................................................12
Natuurlijke ondergrond ........................................................................................13
Hoofdgroepen .....................................................................................................13
Sondering ...........................................................................................................14
Sondering is een techniek die wordt gebruikt in de grondmechanica en
wegenbouwkunde om het draagvermogen van de grond te bepalen1. Hier is hoe het
werkt: .................................................................................................................14
Grondboring .......................................................................................................14
Classificaties ......................................................................................................15
Vochtgehalte in bodem ........................................................................................17
Korrelverdeling ....................................................................................................18
Les 2 Aardebaan en verdichting ...............................................................................19
Definitie aardebaan .............................................................................................19
Draagkracht van aardebaan .................................................................................19
Welke uitvoeringsvormen van de aardebaan kennen we? ........................................20
Eisen aan aardebaan ...........................................................................................20
Belangrijk bij ontwerpen en aanleggen aardebaan ..................................................21
Vochtgehalte in aardebaan ..................................................................................21
Grondspanning en Waterdruk ...........................................................................21
Optimaal Vochtgehalte ....................................................................................22
Gevolgen van Te Veel Vocht ..............................................................................22
2
, Gevolgen van Te Weinig Vocht ...........................................................................22
Conclusie .......................................................................................................22
Waarin is vochtgehalte nog meer bepalend? ..........................................................22
Opvriezen en opdooi ............................................................................................23
Drooglegging .......................................................................................................23
Vorstindringingsdiepte .........................................................................................23
Eis in het kader Eisen Onderbouw .........................................................................24
Bijgestelde ontwateringseis .................................................................................24
Ontwatering weg .................................................................................................24
Ontwatering bij ingraving ......................................................................................25
Vochtgehalte in zandbaan ....................................................................................25
Grondspanning en Waterdruk ...........................................................................25
Optimaal Vochtgehalte ....................................................................................25
Gevolgen van Te Veel Vocht ..............................................................................25
Gevolgen van Te Weinig Vocht ...........................................................................26
Conclusie .......................................................................................................26
Eisen met betrekking tot de verdichting .................................................................26
Proctordichtheid .................................................................................................26
Verdichtingscontrole in situ ..................................................................................27
Aspecten die belangrijk zijn bij het verdichten ........................................................28
Uitvoeringsfouten bij verdichten ...........................................................................28
Les 3 Fundering & Elementenverharding ...................................................................30
Definitie wegfundering .........................................................................................30
Functies van fundering in bouwfase ......................................................................30
1. Bouwweg (Temporary Access Road) ............................................................30
2. Werkvloer ....................................................................................................30
3. Lastspreiding (Load Distribution) .................................................................30
Grafiek: Bodemdruk versus Vervorming ...............................................................30
Bezwijkmechanismen ..........................................................................................31
Elastische vervorming ......................................................................................31
Permanente vervorming ...................................................................................32
Scheurvorming door mechanische belasting .....................................................33
Scheurvorming door krimp ...............................................................................33
3
, Spatten ...........................................................................................................35
Volumevergroting .............................................................................................36
Soorten fundering ...............................................................................................36
Ongebonden fundering.....................................................................................36
Zelfbindende fundering ....................................................................................37
Gebonden fundering ........................................................................................38
Wat verstaan onder bouwstoffen ..........................................................................38
Categorieën BBK (= Besluit BodemKwaliteit) ..........................................................38
Grondstoffen ......................................................................................................39
Primaire grondstoffen.......................................................................................39
Secundaire grondstoffen ..................................................................................39
Belangrijke factoren voor berijdbaarheid van elementenverhardingen .....................39
Materialen/soorten voor elementenverhardingen ...................................................39
Natuursteen (keien) .........................................................................................39
Gebakken steen ...............................................................................................40
Betonsteen .....................................................................................................41
Tegelbestrating ................................................................................................42
Verbanden tegels ................................................................................................43
Bisschopsmuts ...................................................................................................43
Bijkomende eigenschappen elementenverharding .................................................43
Kantopsluiting .....................................................................................................44
Afwatering ..........................................................................................................45
Kolken ................................................................................................................46
Plaatsing kolken ..................................................................................................46
Schadebeelden ...................................................................................................48
Uitvoering straatwerk ...........................................................................................48
CROW publicatie 324 ..........................................................................................50
Roadprinter ........................................................................................................51
Les 4 Draagkracht en stabiliteit ................................................................................53
Draagkracht & vervorming ....................................................................................53
Meting stijfheidsmodulus.....................................................................................53
Laagdikte dimensionering ....................................................................................54
Vermoeiing .........................................................................................................55
4
samenvatting
Fadi Wartan s.1195125
Samenvatting lesstof tentamen wegen&tunnels semester 1 jaar 1 civiele techniek
Windesheim
1
,Inhoudsopgave
Les 1 Wegopbouw en ondergrond ............................................................................. 7
Wegennet ............................................................................................................ 7
Hoofdtypen Wegen: .......................................................................................... 7
Beheer: ............................................................................................................ 7
Basiseisen ........................................................................................................... 7
Ontwerpaspecten ................................................................................................ 8
Technische eisenpiramide .................................................................................... 9
Interacties ........................................................................................................ 9
Functionele eisen ................................................................................................10
Relatie met Andere Niveaus ..............................................................................10
Basistermen wegopbouw .....................................................................................11
Verticale onderdelen wegopbouw .........................................................................11
Horizontale onderdelen wegopbouw .....................................................................12
Natuurlijke ondergrond ........................................................................................13
Hoofdgroepen .....................................................................................................13
Sondering ...........................................................................................................14
Sondering is een techniek die wordt gebruikt in de grondmechanica en
wegenbouwkunde om het draagvermogen van de grond te bepalen1. Hier is hoe het
werkt: .................................................................................................................14
Grondboring .......................................................................................................14
Classificaties ......................................................................................................15
Vochtgehalte in bodem ........................................................................................17
Korrelverdeling ....................................................................................................18
Les 2 Aardebaan en verdichting ...............................................................................19
Definitie aardebaan .............................................................................................19
Draagkracht van aardebaan .................................................................................19
Welke uitvoeringsvormen van de aardebaan kennen we? ........................................20
Eisen aan aardebaan ...........................................................................................20
Belangrijk bij ontwerpen en aanleggen aardebaan ..................................................21
Vochtgehalte in aardebaan ..................................................................................21
Grondspanning en Waterdruk ...........................................................................21
Optimaal Vochtgehalte ....................................................................................22
Gevolgen van Te Veel Vocht ..............................................................................22
2
, Gevolgen van Te Weinig Vocht ...........................................................................22
Conclusie .......................................................................................................22
Waarin is vochtgehalte nog meer bepalend? ..........................................................22
Opvriezen en opdooi ............................................................................................23
Drooglegging .......................................................................................................23
Vorstindringingsdiepte .........................................................................................23
Eis in het kader Eisen Onderbouw .........................................................................24
Bijgestelde ontwateringseis .................................................................................24
Ontwatering weg .................................................................................................24
Ontwatering bij ingraving ......................................................................................25
Vochtgehalte in zandbaan ....................................................................................25
Grondspanning en Waterdruk ...........................................................................25
Optimaal Vochtgehalte ....................................................................................25
Gevolgen van Te Veel Vocht ..............................................................................25
Gevolgen van Te Weinig Vocht ...........................................................................26
Conclusie .......................................................................................................26
Eisen met betrekking tot de verdichting .................................................................26
Proctordichtheid .................................................................................................26
Verdichtingscontrole in situ ..................................................................................27
Aspecten die belangrijk zijn bij het verdichten ........................................................28
Uitvoeringsfouten bij verdichten ...........................................................................28
Les 3 Fundering & Elementenverharding ...................................................................30
Definitie wegfundering .........................................................................................30
Functies van fundering in bouwfase ......................................................................30
1. Bouwweg (Temporary Access Road) ............................................................30
2. Werkvloer ....................................................................................................30
3. Lastspreiding (Load Distribution) .................................................................30
Grafiek: Bodemdruk versus Vervorming ...............................................................30
Bezwijkmechanismen ..........................................................................................31
Elastische vervorming ......................................................................................31
Permanente vervorming ...................................................................................32
Scheurvorming door mechanische belasting .....................................................33
Scheurvorming door krimp ...............................................................................33
3
, Spatten ...........................................................................................................35
Volumevergroting .............................................................................................36
Soorten fundering ...............................................................................................36
Ongebonden fundering.....................................................................................36
Zelfbindende fundering ....................................................................................37
Gebonden fundering ........................................................................................38
Wat verstaan onder bouwstoffen ..........................................................................38
Categorieën BBK (= Besluit BodemKwaliteit) ..........................................................38
Grondstoffen ......................................................................................................39
Primaire grondstoffen.......................................................................................39
Secundaire grondstoffen ..................................................................................39
Belangrijke factoren voor berijdbaarheid van elementenverhardingen .....................39
Materialen/soorten voor elementenverhardingen ...................................................39
Natuursteen (keien) .........................................................................................39
Gebakken steen ...............................................................................................40
Betonsteen .....................................................................................................41
Tegelbestrating ................................................................................................42
Verbanden tegels ................................................................................................43
Bisschopsmuts ...................................................................................................43
Bijkomende eigenschappen elementenverharding .................................................43
Kantopsluiting .....................................................................................................44
Afwatering ..........................................................................................................45
Kolken ................................................................................................................46
Plaatsing kolken ..................................................................................................46
Schadebeelden ...................................................................................................48
Uitvoering straatwerk ...........................................................................................48
CROW publicatie 324 ..........................................................................................50
Roadprinter ........................................................................................................51
Les 4 Draagkracht en stabiliteit ................................................................................53
Draagkracht & vervorming ....................................................................................53
Meting stijfheidsmodulus.....................................................................................53
Laagdikte dimensionering ....................................................................................54
Vermoeiing .........................................................................................................55
4
