Psych 217 Test 1 Questions and Answers Graded A 2024

Age grade - socially defined age group in a society age norms - behavioral expectations, socially defined for each grade status - children have lower status than adults, middle aged people have higher status in the work force than people in later stages of life roles - each age plays a different role, and is expected to fulfill a certain role, ex: 20 year olds are not expected to be fully independent in the US, while 20 year olds in other cultures might be expected to do so. Social clock - not biological clock, what is expected of both men and women in a culture. age norms are different which leads our social clock to work differently as well What is development? - systemic changes and continuities in the individual between conception and death "womb to tomb" Three broad domains of development - physical, cognitive, psychological physical development - growing cognitive development - thoughts and how we thing and process information psychological development - emotional and social development biological factors of development - genetic, neurological, or physical conditions that affect the development of an individual environmental factors of development - the specific situations than an individual experiences and that influences behavior and development all the different situations a person experiences sociocultural context - the broad context that includes both social and cultural influences nature vs. nurture - both are involved in every aspect of development, some areas are more "nature" influences by the surroundings, while other things are more influenced by nature activity vs. passivity - are we shaped by our environment or are we active participants in how we develop, (its both) life-long process - development happens throughout our life, and change is much more noticible in childhood plasticity - the brain adapts to experience and environmental factors, neural networks are strengthened. prenatal neural systems is the most plasticity and the brain becomes less and less as development/growth goes on historical-cultural context - certain aspects of development that happen across time and culture psychoanalytic/psychodynamic - Freud's school of thought main parts of freud's theory - id, ego, superego, the importance of the unconscious, Neo-Freudian theories - psychodynamics, did not totally agree with freud on everything but they did use some basics from his theory, like the role of the unconscious, the importance of our childhood experiences Neo-Freudians - Alfred Adler Carl Jung Karen Horney Erik Erikson The unconsious - part of the brain that we are not aware of Learning theories - behaviorism, John Watson, about things you can measure and observe, identify the cause and affect