MDC 4 NUR2755 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
Alzheimer's Mild Stage - CORRECT ANSWER--Forgets names; misplaces household
items
-Has short-term memory loss and difficulty recalling new information
-Shows subtle changes in personality and behavior
Alzheimer's Moderate Stage - CORRECT ANSWER--Is disoriented to time, place, and
event
-Has difficulty driving and gets lost
-Incontinent
-Psychotic behaviors, such as delusions, hallucinations, and paranoia
-Episodes of wandering, trouble sleeping
Alzheimer's Late Stage - CORRECT ANSWER--Totally incapacitated; bedridden
-Totally dependent in ADLs
-Has agnosia
-Hallucinations
-Incontinence
-Difficulty eating
Apraxia - CORRECT ANSWER-Difficulty with motor planning to perform tasks or
movements
Aphasia - CORRECT ANSWER-Inability to speak or understand language
Anomia - CORRECT ANSWER-Inability to recall the names of everyday objects
Agnosia - CORRECT ANSWER-Loss of sensory comprehension, including facial
recognition
Alzheimer's diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER--No laboratory test can confirm the
diagnosis of AD
-Definitive diagnosis is made on the basis of brain tissue examination at autopsy, which
confirms the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques
Alzheimer's medications - CORRECT ANSWER-Cholinesterase inhibitors- Donepezil,
galantamine
NMDA receptor antagonists- Memantine
,Parkinson's symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER--Slow, shuffling, and propulsive gait
-RESTING tremors
-Muscle rigidity
-Bradykinesia/akinesia (loss of ability to move muscles voluntarily)
-Mask Like face
-Drooling
-Postural instability
Parkinson's diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER--Diagnosis typically made based on
manifestations, their progression, and by ruling out other disease
-Analysis of CSF may show a decrease in dopamine levels
Parkinson's medications - CORRECT ANSWER-Carbidopa/Levodopa (Sinemet)
Parkinson's surgical interventions - CORRECT ANSWER-Stereotactic pallidotomy or
thalamotomy
Migraine triggers - CORRECT ANSWER--Caffeine
-Red wine
-MSG
-Foods high in tyramine (aged cheeses, cultured food like yogurt)
Migraine abortive therapy - CORRECT ANSWER-Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen,
triptans, ergotamine derivatives
Migraine preventative therapy - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta blockers, calcium channel
blockers, antiepileptics, Botox
Migraine surgical treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-Trigeminal nerve resection
Aura symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER--Visual disturbances
-Flashing lights/lines/spots
-Numbness of lips or tongue
-Acute confused state
-Aphasia
-Vertigo
-Unilateral weakness*
-Offensive smell
-"Deja vu" feeling
Multiple sclerosis clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER--Muscle weakness and
spasticity
-Intention tremors (tremor when performing an activity)
-Diplopia (double vision)
-Nystagmus (an involuntary condition in which the eyes make repetitive uncontrolled
movements)
, -Depression/labile
Multiple sclerosis diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER-MRI of the brain and spinal cord
demonstrates the presence of plaques in at least 2 areas
Multiple sclerosis medications - CORRECT ANSWER--Baclofen
-Disease-modifying therapies
-Interferon beta-1a and beta-1b
-Corticosteroids
Meningitis clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER--Nuchal rigidity
-Kernig Sign
-Brudzinski Sign
-Decreased level of consciousness
-Photosensitivity
Kernig Sign - CORRECT ANSWER-Resistance and pain with extension of the client's
leg from a flexed position
Brudzinski Sign - CORRECT ANSWER-Flexion of the knees and hips occurring with
deliberate flexion of the client's neck
Meningitis diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER-Lumbar puncture
Appearance of CSF: cloudy (bacterial) or clear (viral)
Prevention of meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER-Meningococcal vaccine
Droplet precautions - CORRECT ANSWER--Private room
-Stay at least 3 feet away from the patient unless wearing a mask
-Patients who are transported outside the room should wear a mask
-Health care personnel should wear gloves, gown, and mask
Tonic-clonic seizure - CORRECT ANSWER-Generalized seizure in which the patient
loses consciousness and has both stiffening of the muscles (tonic) and rhythmic jerking
of the extremities (clonic)
Tonic seizure - CORRECT ANSWER-Clients suddenly lose consciousness and
experience sudden increased muscle tone, loss of consciousness, and have autonomic
manifestations
Clonic seizure - CORRECT ANSWER-Only the clonic phase is experienced (rhythmic
jerking of the extremities)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
Alzheimer's Mild Stage - CORRECT ANSWER--Forgets names; misplaces household
items
-Has short-term memory loss and difficulty recalling new information
-Shows subtle changes in personality and behavior
Alzheimer's Moderate Stage - CORRECT ANSWER--Is disoriented to time, place, and
event
-Has difficulty driving and gets lost
-Incontinent
-Psychotic behaviors, such as delusions, hallucinations, and paranoia
-Episodes of wandering, trouble sleeping
Alzheimer's Late Stage - CORRECT ANSWER--Totally incapacitated; bedridden
-Totally dependent in ADLs
-Has agnosia
-Hallucinations
-Incontinence
-Difficulty eating
Apraxia - CORRECT ANSWER-Difficulty with motor planning to perform tasks or
movements
Aphasia - CORRECT ANSWER-Inability to speak or understand language
Anomia - CORRECT ANSWER-Inability to recall the names of everyday objects
Agnosia - CORRECT ANSWER-Loss of sensory comprehension, including facial
recognition
Alzheimer's diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER--No laboratory test can confirm the
diagnosis of AD
-Definitive diagnosis is made on the basis of brain tissue examination at autopsy, which
confirms the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques
Alzheimer's medications - CORRECT ANSWER-Cholinesterase inhibitors- Donepezil,
galantamine
NMDA receptor antagonists- Memantine
,Parkinson's symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER--Slow, shuffling, and propulsive gait
-RESTING tremors
-Muscle rigidity
-Bradykinesia/akinesia (loss of ability to move muscles voluntarily)
-Mask Like face
-Drooling
-Postural instability
Parkinson's diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER--Diagnosis typically made based on
manifestations, their progression, and by ruling out other disease
-Analysis of CSF may show a decrease in dopamine levels
Parkinson's medications - CORRECT ANSWER-Carbidopa/Levodopa (Sinemet)
Parkinson's surgical interventions - CORRECT ANSWER-Stereotactic pallidotomy or
thalamotomy
Migraine triggers - CORRECT ANSWER--Caffeine
-Red wine
-MSG
-Foods high in tyramine (aged cheeses, cultured food like yogurt)
Migraine abortive therapy - CORRECT ANSWER-Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen,
triptans, ergotamine derivatives
Migraine preventative therapy - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta blockers, calcium channel
blockers, antiepileptics, Botox
Migraine surgical treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-Trigeminal nerve resection
Aura symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER--Visual disturbances
-Flashing lights/lines/spots
-Numbness of lips or tongue
-Acute confused state
-Aphasia
-Vertigo
-Unilateral weakness*
-Offensive smell
-"Deja vu" feeling
Multiple sclerosis clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER--Muscle weakness and
spasticity
-Intention tremors (tremor when performing an activity)
-Diplopia (double vision)
-Nystagmus (an involuntary condition in which the eyes make repetitive uncontrolled
movements)
, -Depression/labile
Multiple sclerosis diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER-MRI of the brain and spinal cord
demonstrates the presence of plaques in at least 2 areas
Multiple sclerosis medications - CORRECT ANSWER--Baclofen
-Disease-modifying therapies
-Interferon beta-1a and beta-1b
-Corticosteroids
Meningitis clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER--Nuchal rigidity
-Kernig Sign
-Brudzinski Sign
-Decreased level of consciousness
-Photosensitivity
Kernig Sign - CORRECT ANSWER-Resistance and pain with extension of the client's
leg from a flexed position
Brudzinski Sign - CORRECT ANSWER-Flexion of the knees and hips occurring with
deliberate flexion of the client's neck
Meningitis diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER-Lumbar puncture
Appearance of CSF: cloudy (bacterial) or clear (viral)
Prevention of meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER-Meningococcal vaccine
Droplet precautions - CORRECT ANSWER--Private room
-Stay at least 3 feet away from the patient unless wearing a mask
-Patients who are transported outside the room should wear a mask
-Health care personnel should wear gloves, gown, and mask
Tonic-clonic seizure - CORRECT ANSWER-Generalized seizure in which the patient
loses consciousness and has both stiffening of the muscles (tonic) and rhythmic jerking
of the extremities (clonic)
Tonic seizure - CORRECT ANSWER-Clients suddenly lose consciousness and
experience sudden increased muscle tone, loss of consciousness, and have autonomic
manifestations
Clonic seizure - CORRECT ANSWER-Only the clonic phase is experienced (rhythmic
jerking of the extremities)
