HDWK Chapter 7 Questions and Answers | Latest Update | Graded A+

HDWK Chapter 7 Questions and Answers | Latest Update | Graded A+ **What was Racker and Stoeckenius's experiment hypothesis?** **Their hypothesis was that a proton gradient is necessary for ATP synthase to produce ATP.** **What does the term "dependent variable" refer to in their experiment?** **It refers to the concentration of protons outside the vesicles, measured by pH.** **What is the independent variable in their experiment?** **The independent variable is the presence or absence of light.** **No controls were mentioned in the experiment. What would serve as a useful negative control for this experiment?** **Using vesicles that do not contain ATP synthase, maintaining vesicles in the dark, and excluding protons from outside the vesicles.** **In their findings, ATP production in the light was 594 units and in the dark was 23 units. Approximately how much more ATP was produced in the light compared to the dark?** **ATP production in the light was approximately 25 times higher than in the dark.** **In their findings, ATP production in the light was 594 units and in the dark was 23 units. What was the mean ATP production across both conditions?** **The mean ATP production was 309 units.** **The researchers observed that ATP synthesis increased when light was present compared to when it was absent. How would you describe this relationship between light and ATP synthesis?** **This relationship can be described as a positive correlation.** **pH measures the acidity of a solution and is the negative logarithm of proton concentration. When light activates the proton pump, what happens to pH inside and outside the vesicle?** **pH decreases inside the vesicle and increases outside the vesicle.** **Based on the graph and table results, what conclusion did the researchers draw regarding their initial hypothesis?** **They found support for their initial hypothesis.**