CCNA - Network Fundamentals Questions with correct Answers 2024

CCNA - Network Fundamentals Questions with correct Answers 2024 What is the number and name of the layers of the modern TCP/IP model? There are 5 layers - Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, and Application. What is at Layer 1 of the TCP/IP model, the Physical layer? Physical cables and connectors, and anything related to light or electricity traveling over cables. What is at Layer 2 of the TCP/IP model, the Data Link layer? MAC addresses with data structured into frames. The frames include the source and destination MAC addresses in the header. What is at Layer 3 of the TCP/IP model, the Network layer? Logical addressing, such as IPv4 and IPv6 addresses that are globally unique and sent through routers to reach their destinations. What is at Layer 4 of the TCP/IP model, the Transport layer? 1) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). 2) User Datagram Protocol (UDP). 3) Port numbers from 1 to 65,535. What ports are used by HTTP and TFTP? Port 80 and UDP port 69, respectively. What is at Layer 5 of the TCP/IP model, the Application layer? 1) How software communicates with lower-level protocols, such as how a web browser uses HTTP to pull information from a web server. What is data called at levels 2, 3, and 4 of the TCP/IP model? At Layer 4, the Transport layer, it is a segment. At layer 3, the Network layer, it is a packet. At layer 2, the Data Link layer, it is a frame. How does the TCP/IP model Application layer compare to the OSI model Application layer? In the OSI model, the top 3 layers are the Session, Presentation, and Application layers. In the TCP/IP model, all 3 of those layers are combined into the Application layer. Name 4 things that are defined by Ethernet standards. Protocols, Interfaces, Cabling types, and Connectors. In order to connect separate LAN's to each other, what do routers connect to? WAN, or Wide Area Networks, such as the Internet, leased lines, etc. Do wireless access points, or AP's, perform routing functions? True AP's that are just AP's will not. However, many SOHO routers are an AP combined with a switch, a router, and various other capabilities. How are small wireless networks managed vs. large wireless networks? Small networks can be individually configured and monitored. Large wireless networks will include 10's or 100's of AP's, a Wireless LAN Controller, or WLC, and the network is centrally managed and monitored. Name 5 functions or features of a Next Generation Firewall, or NGFW. 1) Unified Threat Management, or UTM. 2) A standard firewall. 3) Web filtering. 4) Inline file scanning. 5) Intrusion Prevention System, or IPS. Name 3 reasons to use a Next Generation Firewall. Prevent breaches, Identify compromised machines, and Receive alerts. What is Cisco's DNA center? A single interface that can be used to manage a network, deploy workflows on a network, and automate provisioning and change management throughout a network. Describe a Tier 2 network design. There are 2 layers of switches. Access switches that aggregate user machines are close to the network endpoints. Access switches are in turn connected to Distribution switches that aggregate the Access switch traffic. What are Tier 2 networks sometimes called? A Collapsed core design, referring to the Distribution layer switches that are the core of the network. Describe a Tier 3 network design. There are 3 layers of switches. Access switches that aggregate user machines are close to the network endpoints. Access switches are in turn connected to Distribution switches that aggregate the Access switch traffic. Distribution switches are in turn connected to Core switches that aggregate the Distribution switch traffic. What is a Data center? A dedicated space designed for computer and telecom equipment. It includes redundant cooling, power, and telecom communications with providers. What type of design is often seen in the Data center? A spine and leaf design that has a high capacity with multiple communication paths that allow for both redundancy and lower latency. Name 4 ways that a point-to-point (PTP) WAN connection can be delivered from a provider. Layer 2, Layer 3, PSTN lines such as T1 and DS3 (not standard Ethernet), and wireless connectivity. What is Fiber to the Home, or FTTH? Fiber Internet connectivity delivered via Gigabit Passive Optical Networking, or GPON. Does Gigabit Passive Optical Networking, or GPON, use Ethernet standards? It does use Ethernet frames, but not in the traditional sense. That fact is hidden from the end user. Even with the popularity of cloud resources, what are 2 advantages to using On-Premises, or On-Prem, resources? Lower bandwidth over the WAN connection, and lower latency. When looking at the name of Ethernet standards, such as 1000Base-T or 1000Base-LX, what do the T and the L stand for? T is usually going to be a copper LAN cable while an L will normally be fiber optics. What is an Auto Medium Dependent Interface Crossover, or MDI-X, interface? It is an interface that will detect if a crossover cable is required and then adjust as needed. Name 3 devices that commonly use Power over Ethernet, or PoE. Access points, VoIP phones, and sensors. What are the 2 primary differences between orange, multimode fiber optic cables and yellow, single mode cables? Multimode fiber optics are used for shorter distances and are generally cheaper. Single mode fiber optics are used for longer distances, and are usually more expensive. What are Optics? Hot swappable devices that can be easily changed to match requirements or in the event of a failure. What are the 2 most common connectors used in modern fiber optic connections. LC or SC, with the smaller LC connectors being used more frequently. What are the 5 standard terminal interface settings when consoling into a Cisco router or switch? 9600 baud, No flow control, Data bits - 8-bit ASCII, No parity bits, and One stop bit. What is the initial CLI login that will be met when logging into a Cisco device? A new login will be in user exec mode and the prompt will be a greater than sign, such as >. How do you get from user exec mode to the next higher permission level to configure a Cisco device? With the enable command. What does the CLI prompt look like in enable mode? There is a hashtag, such as #. It is also known as privileged, or privileged exec mode. From enable mode, or privileged exec mode, how do you get to the next permission level using the Cisco CLI? With the configure terminal, or conf t, command. How do you give a Cisco device a name? From configure mode, use the command "hostname RTR1" to name the device RTR1. How do you set an enable mode password on a Cisco device? From configure mode, use the command "enable secret" followed by a space and then the password that you want to use. What does the question mark (?) do when using the Cisco CLI? Gives help options that are available for whatever status the CLI is in at that time, such as configure mode, a specific interface, etc. Does the question mark on the CLI need to be used by itself? No, you can start to type a command and then use the question mark to see what other commands or options can be used with whatever command or partial word that you have typed so far. How do you advance through help options that are given when using the question mark on the CLI? Pressing the Enter key advances one line at a time, while pressing the spacebar advances an entire page at a time. Can you use the arrow keys on the Cisco CLI? Yes. The left and right arrows move the cursor forward and backward on the line. The up and down arrows scroll through recently used commands. What do the show commands do on the Cisco CLI? Display configuration and other information, such as show running-config, or show run, to show the presently running configuration. How do you view the startup configuation for a Cisco device from the command line? With the command "show startup-config" or "show start". When do commands entered from the Cisco CLI take effect? They take effect immediately, but they are not automatically saved to startup configuration for that device. How do you save the presently running configuration to the startup configuration for a Cisco device? With the command "copy run start", and then press Enter when given the option for the destination filename. You can also use the "wr mem" or "write memory" command, which is the older method. How can you erase a Cisco device startup-config? With the command "erase startup-config" or "wr erase". What do you do after erasing the startup-config on a Cisco device? Issue the "reload" command on the CLI to restart the device. How do you set up a console password so anyone using a console cable to access a Cisco device is prompted for a password? From config mode, enter the command "line console 0" or "line con 0". That will put you into the configuration mode for the first console connection. From there, enter "password cisco" to make the password cisco. On the next line, enter the "login" command. What is the purpose behind setting the "login" command for a console connection to a Cisco device? The "login" command is a required configuration command to enable password checking at login. Console authentication requires both the password and the login commands to work. In one command, how can you exit all the way out to a basic privileged exec prompt on the Cisco CLI? With the "end" command. When creating an enable password on a Cisco device, is that password universal for the entire device? No, each connection needs to have its own enable password, such as a console connection, an SSH connection, etc. The passwords must be set for every method of accessing that device. How can you set a password for all telnet sessions into a Cisco router or switch? From config mode, enter the command "line vty 0 15" and press Enter. On the next line, enter the command "password" followed by the password. That would put the same password on all 16 telnet interfaces. On the next line, enter the "login" command. How do you create a username from the Cisco CLI? From config mode, enter the command "username admin secret " followed by the password that you want to use. That would set the username to admin. One you have a username on a Cisco device, how can you use it to console into that device? From config mode, enter "line con 0" to start configuring the console connection. On the next line, use the command "login local". The next time you log into that device, you will be prompted for a username and password. What are 2 options for Cisco devices that will provide centralized authentication services? RADIUS and Terminal Access Controller Access, or TACACS+. What 2 things are needed to generate crypto keys to secure an SSH session into a Cisco device? Both the hostname and the domain name. How do you create a domain name from the Cisco CLI? From config mode, enter the command "ip domain-name " to create the domain on that device. What is the command to generate a crypto key from the CLI? "crypto key generate rsa" and then choose the number of bits that you want to use for the key. How do you set the type of remote connections on a Cisco device that you want to force to use the crypto key that you generated with the "crypto key generate rsa" command? From config mode, go to "line vty 0 15" and press Enter. On the next line, use the command "transport input ?" to see the available connections. To use ssh, for example, you would then use the command "transport input ssh". You would then assign an IP address to that interface.