ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW

ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW WHO REGULATES PRESCRIBING AUTHORITY FOR NPs - ANS STATE BOARD OF NURSING WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF A PRESCRIPTION - ANS 1-PATIENT NAME 2-PATIENT DOB 3-PATIENT ADDRESS (IF CONTROLLED DRUG) 4-NAME OF DRUG 5-DOSE 6-ROUTE 7-FREQUENCY 8-INDICATION 9-QUANTITY 10-NUMBER OF REFILLS 11-DATE/TIME 12-CONTACT INFO OF PRESCRIBER 13-SIGNATURE 14-NPI 15-DEA (IF CONTROLLED DRUG) WHAT REFERENCE IS USED FOR PRESCRIBING TO ELDERLY - ANS BEERS LIST WHY DO YOU HAVE TO START SLOW AND GO SLOW FOR ELDERLY - ANS THEY HAVE SLOWER LIVER AND RENAL FUNCTION INCREASED FAT TISSUE/DECREASED LEAN MASS SLOW METABOLISM WHY ARE AFRICAN AMERICANS AT INCREASED RISK FOR POOR HEALTH OUTCOMES - ANS LACK OF ACCESS TO CARE BIAS AFFORDABILITY WHAT ANTIHYPERTENSIVE WORKS BEST IN AFRICAN AMERICANS - ANS CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS WHAT IS THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CCB - ANS VASODILATE NEGATIVE INOTROPE ACTIVITY REDUCES CARDIAC OUTPUT WHAT ARE SOME COMMON CCBs - ANS AMLODIPINE DILTIAZEM VERAPAMIL WHAT ETHNIC GROUP HAS POLYMORPHISMS IN ABILITY TO METABOLIZE MEDICATIONS? - ANS ASIANS WHAT CONDITION CAN OCCUR WHEN ASIANS TAKE CARBAMEZAPINE (TEGRETOL) - ANS STEVEN'S JOHNSONS WHAT IS CARBAMEZAPINE (TEGRETOL) GIVEN FOR - ANS SEIZURES WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN PRESCRIBING TO WOMEN VS MEN - ANS WOMEN HAVE MORE BODY FAT HOW ARE PEDS SIMILAR TO ELDERLY WHEN PRESCRIBING - ANS START SLOW AND GO SLOW DECREASED ORGAN FUNCTION SLOWER METABOLISM OF DRUG WHO WRITES GUIDELINES FOR PEDS - ANS AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS WHAT IS A CONSIDERATION FOR ALL WOMEN - ANS RISK FOR PREGNANCY IN ALL FERTILE FEMALES NOT JUST PREGNANT WHAT ANTIHYPERTENSIVE SHOULD BE AVOIDED IN PREGNANCY - ANS ACE INHIBITOR WHAT PREGNANCY CATEGORY IS PREDNSONE - ANS C WHAT DOES CATEGORY C MEAN - ANS DRUG SHOULD BE GIVEN ONLY IF POTENTIAL BENEFIT JUSTIFIES THE POTENTIAL RISK. WHAT IS MINIMUM EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION - ANS the minimum amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect WHAT IS LOADING DOSE - ANS initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of treatment to RAPIDLY achieve a therapeutic level WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A MED THAT YOU WOULD GIVE A LOADING DOSE - ANS Z-PAK WHAT IS Z-PAK AND WHAT IS DOSE - ANS AZITHROMYCIN. 500MG ON DAY 1 250MG FOR NEXT 4 DAYS WHAT IS FIRST PASS EFFECT - ANS drugs absorbed from the GI tract enter the portal vein and pass through the liver before entering circulation. accounts for the larger difference between oral and IV dosages. WHAT IS HALF LIFE - ANS TIME IT TAKES FOR A DRUG TO DECREASE BY 50% WHAT IS PHARMACOECONOMICS - ANS FINANCIAL IMPACT OF PRESCRIBING WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO COST MINIMIZE - ANS PRESCRIBE THE LEAST COSTLY MED IF EQUALLY EFFECTIVE WHO REGULATES INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS - ANS FDA What does St. John's Wort interact with? - ANS SSRI WHAT IS GINSENG COMMONLY TAKEN FOR - ANS MEMORY WHAT INTERACTS WITH GINSENG - ANS WARFARIN ACE INHIBITORS ARE GIVEN TO WHICH POPULATION - ANS DIABETICS (PREVENT ADVANCEMENT OF RENAL PROGRESSION) HEART FAILURE (REMODEL THE HEART) WHAT SHOULD BE MONITORED ON ACEI - ANS RENAL FUNCTION POTASSIUM ARE BETA BLOCKERS SAFE DURING PREGNANCY - ANS YES LABETALOL WHO IS ASPIRIN PRESCRIBED TO - ANS PREVIOUS MI/STROKE CLOTTING HISTORY DIABETES DO YOU PRESCRIBE ASPIRIN TO OLDER ADULTS WHO HAVE NEVER HAD A STROKE OR MI - ANS NO WHAT IS A SIDE EFFECT OF TOO MUCH ASPIRIN - ANS TINNITUS WHAT DO YOU PRESCRIBE FOR CHEST PAIN - ANS NITROGLYCERIN BETA BLOCKERS WHAT IS THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BETA BLOCKERS - ANS Counteract epinephrine, reduce workload of heart can decrease BP and HR MOST COMMON BETA BLOCKERS - ANS ATENOLOL CAVEDILOL LABETALOL METOPRALOL WHAT IS THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ACE INHIBITORS - ANS Block formation of Angio II and prevent constriction of blood vessels. Dilated blood vessel results in decreased BP. WHAT ARE COMMON ACE INHIBITORS - ANS Captopril Enalapril Lisinopril WHAT CLASS OF HEART FAILURE DO YOU START NITRO - ANS CLASS 1 OR 2 WHAT DRUG DO YOU GIVE IN ADDITION TO BETA BLOCKER TO PREVENT PROGRESSION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS - ANS STATIN WHO ELSE SHOULD TAKE STATIN - ANS DIABETICS WHAT TOOL IS USED TO DETERMINE RISK FOR HIGH CHOLESTEROL OVER AGE 40 - ANS ASCVD RISK ESTIMATOR PLUS CAN PREGNANT WOMEN TAKE STATINS - ANS NO WHAT DIURETIC IS GIVEN FOR HEART FAILURE AND POOR RENAL FUNCTION - ANS LOOP DIURETIC (FUROSEMIDE) WHAT LOW DOSE DIURETIC IS GIVEN FOR HTN - ANS HCTZ WHAT IS A SIDE EFFECT OF HCTZ - ANS HYPONATREMIA WHAT MUST BE GIVEN WITH A LONG ACTING BETA AGONIST (SALMETEROL) FOR ASTHMA - ANS INHALED CORTICOSTEROID SUCH AS ADVAIR WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON REASON FOR COPD - ANS SMOKING OPTIONS FOR SMOKING CESSATION - ANS PATCH (DOSE DEPENDS ON NUMBER OF CIGS) GUM (CHEW IT AND PARK IT) CHANTIX WHAT IS A SIDE EFFECT OF CHANTIX - ANS NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS (NIGHTMARES, SUICIDE) FIRST LINE OF TX FOR COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNA-OUTPATIENT - ANS Z-PAK (AZITHROMYCIN) WHAT SHOULD YOU TEST FOR IN PATIENT WITH GERD - ANS H.PYLORI TREATMENT FOR ACUTE MIGRAINE - ANS NSAID, TRIPTAN, ANTIEMETIC (SLEEP IT OFF) PREVENTION OF MIGRAINE - ANS BETA BLOCKER DEPAKOTE TOPAMAX CLUSTER HEADACHE TREATMENT IN ER - ANS OXYGEN CLUSTER HEADACHE TREATMENT AT HOME - ANS SUMATRIPTAN ERGOTAMINE AT BEDTIME ACUTE PAIN DURATION - ANS less than 6 months HOW LONG SHOULD OPIOIDS BE PRESCRIBED - ANS 3-5 DAYS MOST STEROIDS SHOULD NOT BE USED IN WHAT AREAS - ANS FACE, INTERTRIGINOUS AREAS IF NEEDED WHAT STEROID CAN BE USED ON FACE - ANS DESINIDE, HYDROCORTISONE WHAT IS TREATMENT FOR IMPETIGO - ANS mupirocin (topical) WHAT IS TREATMENT FOR DRIPPY POISON IVY - ANS ORAL STEROIDS WHAT IS CHECKED WITH ANEMIA - ANS OCCULT STOOL URINALYSIS GI TRACT NUTRITION DEFICIENCY WHAT VITAMIN DEFICIENCY IS A RESULT OF CHRONIC PPI USE AND METFORMIN - ANS B12 WHAT DEFICIENCY IS A RESULT OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL USE - ANS FOLATE WHAT DEFICIENCY IS COMMON IN MARATHON RUNNERS, VEGETARIANS, CELIAC DISEASE - ANS IRON WHAT IS SIDE EFFECT OF ORAL IRON - ANS CONSTIPATION what improves the absorption of Iron? - ANS VITAMIN C. OJ FOR NON DIABETICS ORAL SUPPLEMENT FOR DIABETICS HOW TO REPLACE B12 IF SYMPTOMATIC - ANS IM INJECTION (DAILY X 1 WEEK, THEN WEEKLY, THEN MONTHLY) TREATMENT FOR SYPHILLIS - ANS BICILLIN/penicillin TREATMENT FOR GONORRHEA - ANS ROCEPHIN/CEFTRIAXONE 500MG IM TREATMENT FOR CHLAMYDIA - ANS doxycycline 100MG X 7 DAYS or azithromycin IF PREGNANT WHAT SUPPLEMENT HELPS PREVENT UTI - ANS CRANBERRY WHAT IS MOST COMMON TREATMENT FOR FUNGAL INFECTION - ANS TOPICAL CLOTRIMOSOLE, MICONAZOLE WHAT IS MONITORED WITH SYSTEMIC TX OF TOE NAIL FUNGUS - ANS LIVER FUNCTION WHAT TYPE OF EAR INFECTION IS TREATED WITH DROPS - ANS OTITIS EXTERNA (IF NO TYMPANIC RUPTURE) WHAT IS TREATMENT FOR OTITIS MEDIA - ANS AMOXICILLIN WHEN IS BEST TIME TO TEST TESTOSTERONE LEVEL - ANS FIRST THING IN THE MORNING, FASTING WHAT LABS ARE MONITORED FOR TESTOSTERONE THERAPY - ANS PSA TO MAKE SURE NO PROSTATE CANCER CBC, SPECIFICALLY ERYTHROCYTES WHAT TWO CONDITIONS IS ESTROGEN GIVEN FOR - ANS BIRTH CONTROL MENOPAUSE WHAT MUST BE GIVEN WITH ESTROGEN IF INTACT UTERUS - ANS PROGESTERONE WHEN DO YOU TREAT HYPOTHYROIDISM - ANS TSH GREATER THAN 10 WHAT IS GOAL TSH FOR HYPOTHYROIDISM - ANS LESS THAN 4 FIRST LINE OF TX FOR DIABETES - ANS METFORMIN WHAT MUST BE CHECKED BEFORE STARTING METFORMIN - ANS GFR. MUST BE GREATER THAN 45 WHAT CLASS OF DRUG IS BEST FOR DIABETIC WITH HEART DZ - ANS SGLT2 INHIBITORS DECREASES HEART DISEASE PROGRESSION (JARDIANCE) WHAT TYPE OF DRUG IS JANUVIA - ANS DPP4 INHIBITORS HOW IS OSTEOPOROSIS DIAGNOSED - ANS DEXA scan WHAT TOOL IS USED TO DETERMINE NEED FOR TREATMENT OF OSTEOPENIA - ANS FRAX SCORE IS MMR GIVEN TO PREGNANT WOMEN - ANS NO, ITS A LIVE VACCINE CAN MMR BE GIVEN TO PT WITH RECENT DRUG TRANSFUSION - ANS NO, MAY HAVE ANTIBODIES HOW OFTEN IS TDAP GIVEN - ANS every 10 years Is Tdap recommended for a woman who is pregnant? - ANS YES WHAT AGE IS SHINGRIX GIVEN - ANS 50 AND ABOVE 2 DOSE SERIES Who should receive the pneumococcal vaccine? - ANS ALL DIABETICS WHO SMOKE (PSV23) HIGH RISK PT OVER AGE 65 (PCV13) THEN (PSV 23) A YEAR LATER THEN FIVE YEARS AFTER FIRST DOSE