HUN2201 UF Exam 1 Questions and verified Answers

nutrition - the science of foods and the nutrients and other substances they contain, and of their actions within the body (including ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, metabolism, and excretion); a broader definition includes the social, economic, cultural and psychological implications of food and eating foods - products derived from plants or animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy and nutrients for the maintenance of life and the growth and repair of tissues diet - the foods and beverages a person eats and drinks functional foods - foods that contain physiologically active compounds that provide health benefits beyond their nutrient contributions; aka designer foods or nutraceuticals phytochemicals - non-nutrient compounds found in plant-derived foods that have biological activity in the body; often added by manufacturers energy - the capacity to do work; energy in food is called chemical energy and this can be converted by the body to mechanical, electrical or heat energy nutrients - chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy, structural materials, and regulating agents to support growth, maintenance and repair of the body's tissues; may also reduce the risk of some diseases inorganic - not containing carbon or pertaining to living things organic - a substance containing carbon essential nutrients - nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them in sufficient quantity to meet physiological needs; aka indispensable nutrients (there are currently 40 known) energy-yielding nutrients - the nutrients that break down to yield energy the body can use (carbohydrate, fat, protein) calories - units by which energy is measured; aka kilocalories or kcalories macronutrients - carbohydrate, fat and protein; body needs them in relatively large amounts micronutrients - required only in small amounts daily energy density - a measure of the energy a food provides relative to the amount of food (calories per gram)