NURS 311 Patho -Exam #1 Questions + Answers Graded A+

1st Line of Defense - Chemical, Mechanical, and physical barriers 2nd Line of Defense - Inflammation Activate Acquired Immunity - produced by individual after natural exposure to antigens or after immunization Acute inflammation - self-limiting, continues until host is gone, result from vascular changes and the subsequent leakage of circulating components in the tissue Acute pain - protective mechanism, immediately harmful to body and mobilizes individual to take action against it, lasting seconds to days, relieved after pain receptors are removed Acute pain symptoms - heart rate, hypertension, diaphoresis, dilated pupils Adaptive Immunity - develops slowly but is specific, makes memory cells, inducible, specific, and identifies foreign objects Affective-motivational system - determines an individuals conditioned avoidance behaviors and emotional responses to pain, mediated through reticular formation, limbic system, and brain stem Afferent pathways - begin in PNS and travel to the spinal gate in the dorsal horn and then ascent to higher centers in CNS Aldosterone - mediates sodium and potassium balance, secreted from adrenal cortex, influenced by blood volume and pressure promotes sodium and water reabsorption and potassium excretionAllergic Contact Dermatitis - inflammation of skin caused by allergic reaction externally Alternative Pathway - is activated by several substances found on surface of infectious organisms, uses unique proteins to form C3, which leads to C5 which leads to convergence on classical pathway Anaphylatoxins - induce rapid degranulation of mast cells, major components of inflammation Angiotensin I - inactive polypeptide, ACE coverts to angiotensin II angiotensin II - stimulates secretion of aldosterone and causes vasoconstriction