BIO 251 - Exam 2 Study Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Graded A 2024

cytoskeleton intracellular support, used in cell movement, moves organelles cells composed of plasma (cell membrane), cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleus, cytoskeleton cytosol clear gel within the sometimes, referred to as intracellular fluid cytoplasm fluid and components between the nucleus and cell membrane, includes the cytosol and cytoskeleton molecules embedded in phospholipid layer transmembrane proteins peripheral proteins cholesterol sugars (glycolipids, glycoproteins) plasma membrane proteins membrane channel proteins, glycoproteins, enzymes, CAM's, receptor proteins, second-messenger system what are the mechanisms of movement of materials across plasma membrane passive transport active transport intracellular and extracellular fluid what is passive transport does not use ATP as an energy source, occurs from high to low concentration three types of passive transport simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis what is simple diffusion moves along concentration gradient, from higher to lower concentration what is facilitated diffusion polar molecules move through a channel protein what is osmosis movement of water across semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration three types of osmosis hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic what is hypertonic solutions have high ECF osmolarity, water moves out of cell, cell shrinks what is isotonic solutions have same osmolarity, no net movement of water in or out of cell what is hypotonic solutions have low ECF osmolarity, water moves into cell causing swelling and potential bursing