Nutrition 331 Final Practice Exam (units 1 to 15)_ updated Questions and Answers 100% A+ Graded Pass

Nutrition 331 Final Practice Exam (units 1 to 15)_ updated Questions and Answers 100% A+ Graded Pass Nutrition is defined as - CORRECT ANS-The study of the function and interaction of nutrients, and the processes by which the body uses them. An essential nutrient is not - CORRECT ANS-Synthesized by the body in sufficient quantity. In a complete chemical analysis of food, in general, the greatest component would be - CORRECT ANS-water An organic compound can be defined as - CORRECT ANS-a substance or molecule containing carbon A nutritional deficiency can be detected in its earliest stages by - CORRECT ANS-Laboratory tests of urine and blood samples A method of obtaining dietary information suited for large nutrition survey - CORRECT ANS-food frequency List the six major classes of nutrients - CORRECT ANS-Carbohydrates, lipids (fats), protein, vitamins, minerals, and water. A food composition table can be used to determine the amount of iron actually absorbed by the body from a serving of liver consumed. - CORRECT ANS-False. Food composition tables only give nutrient values present in the food; they do not consider the absorption rate, which differs depending on the presence or absence of enhancing or inhibiting factors. A nutrient source that yields MORE energy than 4 kcalories per gram. - CORRECT ANS-Plant fats an example of a micronutrient - CORRECT ANS-iron What is the AMDR for fat? - CORRECT ANS-20 to 35 percent of energy An example of an anthropometric measure? - CORRECT ANS-Body weight What type of deficiency is caused by inadequate absorption of a nutrient? - CORRECT ANS-secondary A case-control study is carried out to determine the relationship between diet and colon cancer. The result indicates that subjects with a high cholesterol intake have a 30% higher risk of cancer. Does this result mean that dietary cholesterol causes colon cancer? - CORRECT ANS-The evidence cited does not necessarily mean that dietary cholesterol causes colon cancer; it may be a case of guilt by association. In other words, the real cause may not be cholesterol but some other food component associated with cholesterol. Also, there may be an error in diet assessment. For example, subjects with colon cancer may have changed their diets in the period before their diets were assessed. An epidemiological study reveals that populations whose members consume diets low in cereals have a high incidence of prostate cancer. Does this result mean that cereals prevent prostate cancer? - CORRECT ANS-The evidence cited does not necessarily mean that cereals prevent prostate cancer; it may also be a case of guilt by association. The real cause of prostate cancer may be a food inversely associated with cereals. There may also be important errors in the data. For example, populations with a high intake of cereals may under-report prostate cancer. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of anecdotal studies as a means of investigating the dietary causes of diseases - CORRECT ANS-Anecdotal studies may allow the recognition of relationships between diet and disease, but only if they involve large numbers of t reports of similar symptoms (for example, in "Chinese Restaurant Syndrome," or in reports of the side effects of drugs). In many cases, however, anecdotal reports are too individual and too difficult to reproduce to be accepted as concrete evidence. They can suggest areas of research, but cannot prove anything. Why do intervention studies use control groups? Why are subjects in those groups given placebos? - CORRECT ANS-Intervention studies use control groups to ensure that the treatment under study that is actually causing any observed change in the disease factor. Subjects in the control group are given a placebo that as nearly as possible duplicates the actual treatment to negate the placebo effect. The placebo effect is the tendency of patients to report feeling better no matter what treatment they receive. If patients in both groups are "blind" about who is receiving the real treatment and who is not, the results are more likely to show a real relationship between treatment and change in health status. Intervention studies use a control group to ensure that it is actually the treatment under study that is causing any observed change in the disease factor. What is the meaning of a double-blind experiment? - CORRECT ANS-Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group What is the benefit of using a large sample size in an experiment? - CORRECT ANS-The effect of chance variation is minimized Before publication in a reputable journal, the findings of a research study must undergo scrutiny by experts in the field according to a process known as - CORRECT ANS-peer review The RDAs for protein, vitamins, and minerals are based on - CORRECT ANS-the needs of most healthy people. The RDA for energy is based on - CORRECT ANS-the average requirement. The EARs can be appropriately used in - CORRECT ANS-the planning of a school lunch program. Milk and milk products contribute significant amounts of - CORRECT ANS-calcium. Canada's Food Guide recommends that adults 19-50 years of age - CORRECT ANS-have two servings of milk and alternatives each day. Which of the following is not equal to one serving from Canada's Food Guide? - CORRECT ANS-1 egg Of the specific recommendations given below, only ______________ does not appear in the DRIs. - CORRECT ANS-increase protein intake for healthy muscles A tablespoon of oil is how much larger in volume than a teaspoon of oil? - CORRECT ANS-three An ounce is approximately how many grams? - CORRECT ANS-28 A serving of milk in Canada's Food Guide is - CORRECT ANS-1 cup or 250 ml For adults, which of these statements is not correct based on Canada's Food Guide? - CORRECT ANS-Eat at least three vegetables and three fruits each day Compared to the RDA, the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) of nutrients is - CORRECT ANS-higher Which of the following oils and fats are not recommended in Canada's Food Guide? - CORRECT ANS-hard margarine and butter