High Yield Renal Questions - Cram the PANCE Questions And Answers Rated A+

What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children? - Minimal Change Disease Notes: About 90% of cases of nephrotic syndrome in children IgA nephropathy is often preceded by what type of infection? - URI Notes: GI infection is another but not as common Describe the findings on biopsy in a patient with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - Crescent formation Notes: "The CRESCENT moon has a Really Pretty Glow (RPG)" A 7 yo boy presents accompanied by his mother. His mother states his urine has been dark lately and he wakes up in the morning with a puffy face. She states he was sick a couple weeks ago but never saw the doctor. Labs show positive ASO titers. This patient likely have what type of infection 10-14 days prior to him presenting today? - Group A Strep Notes: Postinfectious (Poststreptococcal) glomerulonephritis, "Coca Cola" urine, untreated strep progressed What is the most common etiology of acute interstitial nephritis? - Drug hypersensitivity Notes: 70-75% of all cases caused by drug hypersensitivity, WBC casts in urinalysis What is the most common caused of end stage renal disease? - Diabetes mellitusFatty casts or oval fat bodies are most commonly associated with what renal disorder? - Nephrotic syndrome A 45 yo male with a history of HIV, IV heroin use, presents to the office complaining of "bubbly" urine and swelling in his legs. His BP in the office is 162/92 and on urine microscopy, fatty casts are visualized. What is the likely etiology of the symptoms seen in this patient? - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSG) Notes: Frothy urine from proteinuria, generalized edema, fatty casts (nephrotic), FSG = Fornication (HIV), Shooting up (heroin), Grandiose BP (HTN) Kidney stones and BPH are both common causes of which type of acute kidney injury? - Postrenal azotemia (postrenal AKI) What is the first line treatment for patients with acute tubular necrosis (ATN)? - Supportive: IV fluids, discontinue any offending agents Notes: No specific therapy for ATN, maintain volume status, eliminate nephrotoxins, maintain electrolyte balance What 2 HTN medication classes reduce proteinuria seen in renal disease? - ACEi, ARB Notes: "-prils" and "-sartans" What type of acute glomerulonephritis has positive anti-GBM antibodies that attack the type IV collage in the glomerular basement membrane? - Goodpasture syndrome (anti-GBM disease) Notes: Also affects lungs What type of nephrotic syndrome has glomerular basement membrane thickening seen on renal biopsy? - Membranous nephropathyWhat type of acute kidney injury is seen in volume depleted patients such as patients with a history of diarrhea, vomiting, and blood loss? - Prerenal acute kidney injury (prerenal azotemia) Notes: Reduced renal perfusion A 68 yo male presents to the office complaining of hematuria. He is a pack a day smoker for over 20 years and is not currently on any medications. He has no other symptoms outside of the hematuria and on physical exam, a left sided varicocele is palpated. What diagnosis should be suspected in this patient? - Renal cell carcinoma