Infectious Disease Rosh Review Questions And Answers Rated A+

33-year-old woman presents to the ED for a two-day history of headache, photophobia, and neck stiffness. Her past medical history is significant for human immunodeficiency virus. While interviewing the patient, she is unable to tell you where she is and appears confused. A lumbar puncture is performed, and an india ink stain of the cerebrospinal fluid reveals encapsulated yeast. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A Coccidioidomycosis B Cryptococcal meningitis C Lyme meningitis D Toxoplasmosis - Answer-B Cryptococcal meningitis A 16-year-old boy with a history of recent travel to Mexico presents to the office with a two-day history of bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and pain with defecation. There is also mucus in the stool. He has also had a fever with chills, as well as decreased appetite. He does not have any nausea or vomiting or any sick contacts. Microscopic examination of the stool reveals a large number of red blood cells and white blood cells. Which of the following is the medication of choice for this patient? A Ampicillin B Ciprofloxacin C Loperamide D Mesalamine - Answer-B Ciprofloxacin *(shigellosis)* A 20-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a cutaneous abscess and surrounding cellulitis. Which of the following antibiotics provides coverage against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection? A CephalexinY B Dicloxacillin C Doxycycline D Piperacillin-tazobactam - Answer-C DoxycyclineA 21-year-old man is brought in to the emergency room with a one-day history of nausea and vomiting, difficulty swallowing, and double vision. Upon physical exam, he has evidence of extraocular muscle weakness. He has not had any episodes like this before. He explains that he recently started a fruit canning business. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A Anthrax B Botulism C Guillain-Barré syndrome D Myasthenia gravis - Answer-B Botulism A 24-year-old woman presents to the clinic with painful vesicular lesions on her labia. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most sensitive for confirming the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus in a patient presenting with acute genital lesions? A Polymerase chain reaction B Serology C Tzanck smearYour Answer D Viral culture - Answer-A Polymerase chain reaction A 25-year-old man presents to the clinic in June after returning from Kenya six weeks ago. Over the past two days, he has had a sudden onset of fever, chills, myalgias, arthralgias, headache, abdominal pain, dry cough, and urticaria. He reports swimming in fresh water while traveling. Serologic studies detect antigens of a blood fluke infection. What is the most likely diagnosis? A Enteric fever B Influenza C Malaria D Schistosomiasis - Answer-D Schistosomiasis A 25-year-old man recently diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presents to the office with a white patch along the right side of his tongue for the past week. The patch is nontender and adherent. He is diagnosed with oral hairy leukoplakia. Which of the following tests would definitively confirm this diagnosis? A Biopsy to confirm histologic appearance and presence of Epstein-Barr within the epithelial cells of the lesions B Biopsy to reveal squamous cell carcinomaC Clinical examination is sufficient to definitively diagnose this condition D Presence of hyphae, pseudohyphae, or budding yeast cells on wet mount - Answer-A Biopsy to confirm histologic appearance and presence of Epstein-Barr within the epithelial cells of the lesions A 30-year-old man with a history of human immunodeficiency virus presents to the clinic with fever, cough, and dyspnea on exertion. His last CD4 count was 100 cells per microliter. Chest X-ray shows bilateral diffuse interstitial infiltrates. Polymerase chain reaction of respiratory fluids obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage confirms the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Which of the following is the recommended antimicrobial treatment? A Aerosolized pentamidine B Dapsone C Fluconazole D Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole - Answer-D Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole A 37-year-old man has recently been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus. As you consider which antiviral regimen to start, you would likely not prescribe tenofovir disoproxil fumarate if the patient has which of the following conditions? A Cardiovascular disease B Hepatitis B C Long QT syndrome D Renal insufficiency - Answer-D Renal insufficiency