#Problem 1 - Important brain structures and terminology
based on fig 3.30, Pinel (slightly adjusted)
Central fissure
Cerebral Cortex:
Lateral fissure
Major fissures
Longitudinal fissure
Precentral gyrus
Cerebral Cortex: Postcentral gyrus
Major gyri Superior temporal gyrus
Cingulate gyrus
Frontal lobe
Cerebral Cortex: Temporal lobe
Four lobes Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Telencephalon
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Limbic system Fornix
Cingulate cortex
Forebrain Septum
Caudate
Putamen
Basal ganglia
Globus pallidus
Nucleus Accumbens
Cerebral commissures Corpus callosum
Anterior commisure
Thalamus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
Interstitial nucleus
Hypothalamus
Arcuate nucleus
Diencephalon Paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
Lateral nucleus
Optic chiasm
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Superior colliculi
Tectum
Inferior colliculi
Midbrain Mesencephalon Ventral tegemental area (VTA)
Tegmentum Substantia nigra
Reticular formation
Pons Reticular formation
Metencephalon
Cerebellum Locus Coeruleus
Hindbrain
Reticular formation
Myelencephalon or
Medulla oblongata
, Telencephalon
Cerebral cortex
= bark of cerebrum which consists out of:
Sulci (= grooves)
Fissures (=deep grooves)
Gyri (=bulges)
enlarges the surface area enlarges amount of cell bodies (gray matter)
Underneath the cerebral cortex one finds the white matter which consists out of axons
(covered in the white substance myelin/oligodendrocytes)
Lobes
The lobes are separated by fissures.
Central fissure separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.
Lateral fissure separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe.
Remainder is called the occipital lobe
- Frontal lobe
= executive functions/plans/strategies ( prefrontal) & motor cortex (pre-
central gyrus)
- Parietal lobe
= making sense of the world/interpretation of information, somatosensory
cortex (post-central gyrus)
- Temporal lobe
= auditory centre
- Occipital lobe
= visual centre
brain regions work together in order to create a perception of a single object (= binding
problem/large scale intergration)
It occurs if you perceive two sensations as happening at the same time and in approximately
the same place. It is often subject to illusion.
based on fig 3.30, Pinel (slightly adjusted)
Central fissure
Cerebral Cortex:
Lateral fissure
Major fissures
Longitudinal fissure
Precentral gyrus
Cerebral Cortex: Postcentral gyrus
Major gyri Superior temporal gyrus
Cingulate gyrus
Frontal lobe
Cerebral Cortex: Temporal lobe
Four lobes Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Telencephalon
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Limbic system Fornix
Cingulate cortex
Forebrain Septum
Caudate
Putamen
Basal ganglia
Globus pallidus
Nucleus Accumbens
Cerebral commissures Corpus callosum
Anterior commisure
Thalamus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
Interstitial nucleus
Hypothalamus
Arcuate nucleus
Diencephalon Paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
Lateral nucleus
Optic chiasm
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Superior colliculi
Tectum
Inferior colliculi
Midbrain Mesencephalon Ventral tegemental area (VTA)
Tegmentum Substantia nigra
Reticular formation
Pons Reticular formation
Metencephalon
Cerebellum Locus Coeruleus
Hindbrain
Reticular formation
Myelencephalon or
Medulla oblongata
, Telencephalon
Cerebral cortex
= bark of cerebrum which consists out of:
Sulci (= grooves)
Fissures (=deep grooves)
Gyri (=bulges)
enlarges the surface area enlarges amount of cell bodies (gray matter)
Underneath the cerebral cortex one finds the white matter which consists out of axons
(covered in the white substance myelin/oligodendrocytes)
Lobes
The lobes are separated by fissures.
Central fissure separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.
Lateral fissure separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe.
Remainder is called the occipital lobe
- Frontal lobe
= executive functions/plans/strategies ( prefrontal) & motor cortex (pre-
central gyrus)
- Parietal lobe
= making sense of the world/interpretation of information, somatosensory
cortex (post-central gyrus)
- Temporal lobe
= auditory centre
- Occipital lobe
= visual centre
brain regions work together in order to create a perception of a single object (= binding
problem/large scale intergration)
It occurs if you perceive two sensations as happening at the same time and in approximately
the same place. It is often subject to illusion.
