Instructor Manual: Goldstein, Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience, 2023, 978-1-337-
40827-1; Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
Instructor Manual
Goldstein, Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience, 2023,
978-1-337-40827-1; Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
Table of Contents
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter ....................................................................................... 2
Cengage Supplements ..................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 2
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments ................................................................. 2
Key Terms .......................................................................................................................................... 3
What’s New in This Chapter ............................................................................................................ 4
Chapter Outline ................................................................................................................................ 5
Discussion Questions ....................................................................................................................... 6
Suggested Usage for Lab Activities ................................................................................................. 7
Additional Activities and Assignments ........................................................................................... 8
Additional Resources ....................................................................................................................... 9
External Videos or Playlist ............................................................................................................................ 9
Internet Resources ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Primary Sources ......................................................................................................................................... 10
External Audio Resources .......................................................................................................................... 10
Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Generic Rubrics .......................................................................................................................................... 10
Standard Writing Rubric............................................................................................................................. 11
Standard Discussion Rubric ........................................................................................................................ 12
1
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible
website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Goldstein, Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience, 2023, 978-1-337-
40827-1; Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce cognitive psychology to the student. The
chapter begins with a summary of early research in cognitive psychology and then provides
students with a summary of the Behaviorist period. The chapter next describes the
paradigm shift in psychology that ushered in the study of cognition and the establishment
of the cognitive perspective on behavior.
Cengage Supplements
The following product-level supplements provide additional information that may help you
in preparing your course. They are available in the Instructor Resource Center.
• Test Bank (contains assessment questions and problems)
• PowerPoint (provides text-based lectures and presentations)
• MindTap Educator Guide (lists and describes MindTap activities you can
integrate into your course and provides the default point allocation)
• Transition Guide
• CogLab Getting Started Guide
• CogLab Accessibility Guide
• CogLab Student Manual
• CogLab Test Bank
Chapter Objectives
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
LO 01.01 Explain how cognitive psychology defines the “mind.”
LO 01.02 Describe the different approaches used by Wundt, James, Donders,
Ebbinghaus in their early attempts to study the mind.
LO 01.03 Contrast Watson and Skinner’s motivation for focusing on observable
behaviors in their research with Tolman’s motivation for measuring behavior
in his experiments.
LO 01.04 Identify the major historical events occurring in the 1950s and 1960s that
ultimately led to the “cognitive revolution.”
LO 01.05 Identify three ways in which the scope of contemporary cognitive psychology
has grown since its beginnings in the 1950s and 1960s.
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments
For additional guidance refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
Chapter PPT Slide Activity/Assessment Duration
Objective
1.1 10 Reaction Time Experiment 20 minutes
1.2 14 Simple Memory Experiment 10 Minutes
2
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible
website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Goldstein, Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience, 2023, 978-1-337-
40827-1; Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
1.3 38 Identifying Cognitive Activities in 20 minutes
Everyday Live
1.4 25, 32 Chomsky and Skinner Video 58 minutes
1.5 9 History of Cognitive Psychology 35 seconds
Video
[return to top]
Key Terms
Analytic introspection: a procedure used by early psychologists in which trained
participants described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli.
Artificial intelligence: the ability of a computer to perform tasks usually associated with
human intelligence.
Behaviorism: the approach to psychology, founded by John B. Watson, which states that
observable behavior provides the only valid data for psychology. A consequence of this
idea is that consciousness and unobservable mental processes are not considered worthy
of study by psychologists.
Brain imaging: technique such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that
results in images of the brain that represent brain activity. In cognitive psychology, activity
is measured in response to specific cognitive tasks.
Choice reaction time: time to respond to one of two or more stimuli. For example, in the
Donders experiment, subjects had to make one response to one stimulus and a different
response to another stimulus.
Classical conditioning: a procedure in which pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus
that elicits a response causes the neutral stimulus to elicit that response.
Cognition: the mental processes involved in perception, attention, memory, language,
problem solving, reasoning, and decision making.
Cognitive map: mental conception of a spatial layout
Cognitive psychology: the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the
mental processes involved in perception, attention, memory, language, problem solving,
reasoning, and decision making. In short, cognitive psychology is concerned with the
scientific study of the mind and mental processes.
Cognitive revolution: a shift in psychology, beginning in the 1950s, from the behaviorist
approach to an approach in which the main thrust was to explain behavior in terms of the
3
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible
website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Goldstein, Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience, 2023, 978-1-337-
40827-1; Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
mind. One of the outcomes of the cognitive revolution was the introduction of the
information-processing approach to studying the mind.
Electrophysiology: techniques used to measure electrical responses of the nervous
system.
Information-processing approach: the approach to psychology, developed beginning in
the 1950s, in which the mind is described as processing information through a sequence of
stages.
Mind: system that creates mental representations of the world and controls mental
functions such as perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking,
and reasoning.
Neuropsychology: the study of the behavioral effects of brain damage in humans.
Operant conditioning: type of conditioning championed by B. F. Skinner, which focuses on
how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers, such as food or social
approval, or withdrawal of negative reinforcers, such as a shock or social rejection.
Paradigm: a system of ideas, which guide thinking in a particular field.
Paradigm shift: a shift in thinking from one paradigm to another.
Reaction time: the time it takes to react to a stimulus. This is usually determined by
measuring the time between presentation of a stimulus and the response to the stimulus.
Savings: measure used by Ebbinghaus to determine the magnitude of memory left from
initial learning. Higher savings indicate greater memory.
Savings curve: plot of savings versus time after original learning.
Scientific revolution: occurs when there is a shift in thinking from one scientific paradigm
to another.
Simple reaction time: reacting to the presence or absence of a single stimulus (as
opposed to having to choose between a number of stimuli before making a response).
Structuralism: an approach to psychology that explained perception as the adding up of
small elementary units called sensations.
[return to top]
What’s New in This Chapter
The following are new or updated topics in the new edition:
• What is consciousness? fMRI study of a comatose person.
• Paradigms and Paradigm Shifts
4
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible
website, in whole or in part.
40827-1; Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
Instructor Manual
Goldstein, Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience, 2023,
978-1-337-40827-1; Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
Table of Contents
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter ....................................................................................... 2
Cengage Supplements ..................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 2
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments ................................................................. 2
Key Terms .......................................................................................................................................... 3
What’s New in This Chapter ............................................................................................................ 4
Chapter Outline ................................................................................................................................ 5
Discussion Questions ....................................................................................................................... 6
Suggested Usage for Lab Activities ................................................................................................. 7
Additional Activities and Assignments ........................................................................................... 8
Additional Resources ....................................................................................................................... 9
External Videos or Playlist ............................................................................................................................ 9
Internet Resources ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Primary Sources ......................................................................................................................................... 10
External Audio Resources .......................................................................................................................... 10
Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Generic Rubrics .......................................................................................................................................... 10
Standard Writing Rubric............................................................................................................................. 11
Standard Discussion Rubric ........................................................................................................................ 12
1
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible
website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Goldstein, Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience, 2023, 978-1-337-
40827-1; Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce cognitive psychology to the student. The
chapter begins with a summary of early research in cognitive psychology and then provides
students with a summary of the Behaviorist period. The chapter next describes the
paradigm shift in psychology that ushered in the study of cognition and the establishment
of the cognitive perspective on behavior.
Cengage Supplements
The following product-level supplements provide additional information that may help you
in preparing your course. They are available in the Instructor Resource Center.
• Test Bank (contains assessment questions and problems)
• PowerPoint (provides text-based lectures and presentations)
• MindTap Educator Guide (lists and describes MindTap activities you can
integrate into your course and provides the default point allocation)
• Transition Guide
• CogLab Getting Started Guide
• CogLab Accessibility Guide
• CogLab Student Manual
• CogLab Test Bank
Chapter Objectives
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
LO 01.01 Explain how cognitive psychology defines the “mind.”
LO 01.02 Describe the different approaches used by Wundt, James, Donders,
Ebbinghaus in their early attempts to study the mind.
LO 01.03 Contrast Watson and Skinner’s motivation for focusing on observable
behaviors in their research with Tolman’s motivation for measuring behavior
in his experiments.
LO 01.04 Identify the major historical events occurring in the 1950s and 1960s that
ultimately led to the “cognitive revolution.”
LO 01.05 Identify three ways in which the scope of contemporary cognitive psychology
has grown since its beginnings in the 1950s and 1960s.
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments
For additional guidance refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
Chapter PPT Slide Activity/Assessment Duration
Objective
1.1 10 Reaction Time Experiment 20 minutes
1.2 14 Simple Memory Experiment 10 Minutes
2
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible
website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Goldstein, Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience, 2023, 978-1-337-
40827-1; Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
1.3 38 Identifying Cognitive Activities in 20 minutes
Everyday Live
1.4 25, 32 Chomsky and Skinner Video 58 minutes
1.5 9 History of Cognitive Psychology 35 seconds
Video
[return to top]
Key Terms
Analytic introspection: a procedure used by early psychologists in which trained
participants described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli.
Artificial intelligence: the ability of a computer to perform tasks usually associated with
human intelligence.
Behaviorism: the approach to psychology, founded by John B. Watson, which states that
observable behavior provides the only valid data for psychology. A consequence of this
idea is that consciousness and unobservable mental processes are not considered worthy
of study by psychologists.
Brain imaging: technique such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that
results in images of the brain that represent brain activity. In cognitive psychology, activity
is measured in response to specific cognitive tasks.
Choice reaction time: time to respond to one of two or more stimuli. For example, in the
Donders experiment, subjects had to make one response to one stimulus and a different
response to another stimulus.
Classical conditioning: a procedure in which pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus
that elicits a response causes the neutral stimulus to elicit that response.
Cognition: the mental processes involved in perception, attention, memory, language,
problem solving, reasoning, and decision making.
Cognitive map: mental conception of a spatial layout
Cognitive psychology: the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the
mental processes involved in perception, attention, memory, language, problem solving,
reasoning, and decision making. In short, cognitive psychology is concerned with the
scientific study of the mind and mental processes.
Cognitive revolution: a shift in psychology, beginning in the 1950s, from the behaviorist
approach to an approach in which the main thrust was to explain behavior in terms of the
3
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible
website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Goldstein, Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience, 2023, 978-1-337-
40827-1; Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
mind. One of the outcomes of the cognitive revolution was the introduction of the
information-processing approach to studying the mind.
Electrophysiology: techniques used to measure electrical responses of the nervous
system.
Information-processing approach: the approach to psychology, developed beginning in
the 1950s, in which the mind is described as processing information through a sequence of
stages.
Mind: system that creates mental representations of the world and controls mental
functions such as perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking,
and reasoning.
Neuropsychology: the study of the behavioral effects of brain damage in humans.
Operant conditioning: type of conditioning championed by B. F. Skinner, which focuses on
how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers, such as food or social
approval, or withdrawal of negative reinforcers, such as a shock or social rejection.
Paradigm: a system of ideas, which guide thinking in a particular field.
Paradigm shift: a shift in thinking from one paradigm to another.
Reaction time: the time it takes to react to a stimulus. This is usually determined by
measuring the time between presentation of a stimulus and the response to the stimulus.
Savings: measure used by Ebbinghaus to determine the magnitude of memory left from
initial learning. Higher savings indicate greater memory.
Savings curve: plot of savings versus time after original learning.
Scientific revolution: occurs when there is a shift in thinking from one scientific paradigm
to another.
Simple reaction time: reacting to the presence or absence of a single stimulus (as
opposed to having to choose between a number of stimuli before making a response).
Structuralism: an approach to psychology that explained perception as the adding up of
small elementary units called sensations.
[return to top]
What’s New in This Chapter
The following are new or updated topics in the new edition:
• What is consciousness? fMRI study of a comatose person.
• Paradigms and Paradigm Shifts
4
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible
website, in whole or in part.
