Introduction to Psychology and History of Psychology - Summary - 2018

INTRODUCTION
QEI
. .




t o EE
PSYCHOLOGY
.




A N D

HISTORY
Of PSYCHOLOGY

, Ch . 1 FOUNDATIONAL IDEAS FROM ANTIQUITY
( p .
23 -
57 )

.
Plato ( ca .
424 -


347 B. C . ) was taught by Socrates
Socrates philosophical nativism
°
: B.o.B
p
' '
"
( fully formed forget knowledge
LD
Dialog Ueno but ten


£
g
°
lies within psyche )
Enfpierusemknowreisatogettecomes
emphasizing LD rationalism C reason )
-




of
through processing
sensory experiences of the etlernal world


The
greek miracle and the pre Socratic philosophers

.

Psyche :
breath
;
Eater on soul

Protagoras of
"
"
: Man is the measure all things
.
.




↳ attracted Socrates

Hippocrates physician
.

:


↳ humoral theory explains health and illness
CD balance or imbalance OC four fluids in body
( humors )
=D emphasis on natural causes C opposed to e. S . demons )
b established a basis for responsible , Observational
medical practice
.

Nativism : not simply accumulating experiences through
external but interpreting them
senses , knowing and
with innate rational faculties


Plato

.

What is the relationship between innate features and

sensory experiences ? ( Plato )
conscious of
appearance experience Something
.

=


LD es .
seeing a tree
•
ideal forms represent and underlie an appearance
=D idealism fundamental behind
something sensory
=




experiences

•

allegory of the cave

↳
relationship between conscious experiences of the
World and the objective nature of the
external

physical stimuli C sensation and Perception )

, }
•
appetites
three components of the
•

courage psyche
•
reason



→ each 's these components in different
person psyche possesses


proportions
us three classes in society
oligarchy elite guardians with
Lb C ruled by innate

power of reason )



Aristotle C Empiricism )


careful extensive observation
•


and
d
•

systematic Classification

=D taxonomy =
arrangement
of
organisms into hierarchically
ordered subgroups
groups and
observation
active
organisation Of
•




how get knowledge
'
D we
-




Psyche psyche )
Peri C On the :

•

scale of nature
↳ living organisms possess with different degrees of
psyches
complexity

1.
vegetative soul ( nourishment and reproduction )
(
£3
2. e 2-2
2. sensitive ( locomotion I imagination )
.



•
saw , sensation , memory and
. Rational soul ( reason )


=D reason C human )
; imagination t
memory
( complete animals );
Sensation t movement C simple animals ) i reproduction
+ nourishment C plants )

•
tabula rasa

C )
⑦
↳ experiences are imprinted and preserved memory
" "

CD tablet once again becomes blank



.
Fundamental categorization of human rational soul

quantity time
CD substance
, quality , ,
location , ,
relation
,


activity

=D Aristotle logic

, =D essential conceptual foundations for a future Science
of C )
psychology Socrates ,
Plato and Aristotle



Atomic
theory
-

Democritus : atomic
theory "

atoms
"

CD objects are made of tiny ,
solid and unbreakable
LD universe is made up of an unlimited number
of atoms in empty space C the void )
moving an

CD When collide they Chester and combine
they ,


to physical substances in our world



greek nature of
causality
•
:




CD every caused event has a purpose
§ random movements of atoms
°
all caused events have four essential components ( Aristotle )
→ material cause c What it's made of )
→
formal cause C idea behind it )
→ efficient cause ( actions that being it into being )
→ final cause ( its )
purpose

•
Epicurus :
follower of atomic theory
Lucretius celebrated epicurean philosophy in
poem
°




)
"


↳ De Rerum Natura C of
things
"
on the nature
CD atomism ,
moderate hedonism and materialistic conception
oh the soul



Islamic pioneers

.
islamic empire
LD Scholars preserved , translated and elaborated upon greek works


°
At -
Kindi
↳ Indo -
Arabic numerals
Lrs algebra
=D important for scientific evolvement