ANSC 221 Final Exam Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated)

ANSC 221 Final Exam Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated) What are the differences between grasses and legumes? advantages and disadvantages of each. - answerGrasses are mainly a source of Energy and legumes a source of protein. Legumes have a symbiotic relationship with a bacteria which allows it to utilize N from the air and turn it into ammonia. Legumes also improve soil fertility, are high in Ca, Vit a, P and trace minerals. high yield of palatable feed/acre possible. Often there can be a problem with bloat. Grasses have the ability to grow in most environments, stand being trampled on more, tolerant of grazing, prevent erosion, better root structure. low in mineral and vitamin content, might be sufficient though for many animals. Often palatable when immature. Loose a lot of protein/digestability when they mature. What are the common grass forages? - answerKentucky blue grass, tall fescue, timothy, perennial rye grass, Indian grass, big bluestem, little blue stem, side oats grama, switch grass what are the common legume forages? - answerAlfala, red clover, crown vetch, sweetclover, white dutch clover, birdsfoot trefoil What are the characteristics of pastures, silages, hay? what are the principles regarding how they are made? - answerPastures: fresh forage (grasses and legumes) eaten by grazing. Silage: preserved wet due to fermentation Hay: dried What is the most important factor to making and preserving good silage? What additives might you add to silage and why? - answerAcid formed to alt the microbial activity and be preserved. Most important factor is keeping it oxygen free. Additives might help in the fermentation process. So if the silage wont ferment well... generally add microbial cultures What are NDF and ADF and what do they pertain to and indicate? - answerNDF is neutral detergent fiber and it reflects forage intake (negative relationship) indicates bulkiness of feed. ADH is acid detergent fiber and it is basically cellulose and lignin. It reflects digestibility (has a negative relationship- high ADF= low digestibility) What factors affect the quality of forages? Which of these do we have control of and how? - answerSpecies of plant, maturity, soil fertility, processing method, storage, feeding What animals have the lowest nutrient requirements, highest nutrient requirements, levels in between? - answerAnimals in maintenance have the lowest requirements, young animals levels are high and animals that are in late pregnancy and/or lactating have the highest requirements CORN - answer(or wheat, barley, milo)- high E feed, low protein. Used to boost energy good for: Dairy cattle, finishing cattle, starting calves... SBM - answer(cottenseed, peanut, linseed...)- protein supplement but also high in E. can be used for any animal to meet protein needs. High Quality Forage - answerfor animals that need good quality feeds that are palatable and high in protein- young calves and dairy cows. Highest quality are legumes. Low quality Forages - answermature grass hays, feed to animals with low requirement (just for maintantance) Corn Silage- - answerhigh in E low in Protien and Ca and other minterals, feed to ruminants that need high E like dairy coes and beef cows in the winter. Often need to limit feeds. Pastures- - answergrass, legume, mixed grass and legume. Good feed for beef cattle, sheep, and horses. Can be used for forage portion of dairy ration can for growing calves. Not good for pigs or poultry and not high in E enough for milking cows, heifers or steers for finishing Crop residue feeds- - answerlow quality, low protein, and low E... used to meet part of ruminant feed needs, but not for high producing. Only good for sheep and cattle in early or mid gestation. What differences are there between large and small breeds of dogs? - answerAmount they can eat and pellet size. What specific differences are there to feeding cats? Why? - answer? They are true carnivors. They have a limited ability to regulate catabolic enzymes of AA meabolism and therefore have a higher protein requirement. They do not synthesize niacin from tryptophan, cannot convert cerotene to Vit A so cannot get it from plants. What special feeds are used in dog foods and why? eg, why tomato pomice? - answerTomato pomice is added for the pectins it contains which have water holding capacity to help maintain constant feces What things in feeds are especially toxic to cats? - answerBenzoic acid