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Ecocentric viewpoint correct answers Holistic ideal, ecology and nature central to humanity, less materialistic approach, prioritizes biorights, encourages education and human self-restraint Anthropocentric viewpoint correct answers Humans must sustainably manage the global system, (taxes, regulation, legislation), pragmatic approach in solving environmental issues Technocentric viewpoint correct answers Technological developments can provide solutions, optimistic view for humans improving the world, scientific research encouraged to form policies EVSs correct answers Vary depending on cultures, time periods, individual Discuss the view that the environment can have its own intrinsic value. correct answers Value for its cultural, aesthetic, spiritual or philosophical (moral) value - e.g. ecotourism, sacred places, traditional customs Evaluate the implications of two contrasting EVSs in the context of given environmental issues. correct answers Problem: hydro electrical power plant - building of a large dam across a river - flooding upstream, regulation of flow downstream. Reservoir provides water supply for locals. Approach Deep ecologist = destroys habitats, prevents flow of nutrients and migration routes, flooding forests produces methane, disturbs food chains Cornucopian = creates employment, green energy production that helps locals + provides them with water, helps economy Justify, using examples and evidence, how historical influences have shaped the development of the modern environmental movement. correct answers Silent spring - Rachel Carson, 1962 (writes about use of DDT in USA - groundbreaking people started to care about ecology) Paris Agreement 2015 (in effect 2016) - main aim to reduce global warming below 2 degrees Celsius - first time when so many states agreed on taking action MEDCs to help LEDCs System approach correct answers a way of visualizing a complex set of interactions, storages and flows (flows inputs and outputs of energy and matter, transfers and transformations - change in chemical nature) Open system correct answers Exchanges both energy and matter, e.g ecosystems Closed system correct answers Exchanges only energy, only exists experimentally Isolated systems correct answers Exchanges nothing but is only hypothetical