ABSN Creighton Pharm Test 2 Questions with well explained answers

Examples: Indirect Thrombin Inhibitors - Answer-Heparin, Lovenox, Fondaparinux Example: Vitamin K Antagonists - Answer-Warfarin Examples: Factor Xa Inhibitors - Answer-Rivaroxaban, Edoxaban, Apixaban Think "aban" Examples: Direct Thrombin Inhibitors - Answer-Dibigatran, Argatroban Examples: Fibrinolytics - Answer-Streptokinase, Urokinase, Alteplase, Reteplase, Tenecteplase Thank "ase" Examples: Antiplatelets - Answer-Aspirin, Clopidogrel Examples: Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Blockers - Answer-Abciximab, Eptifibatide, Tirofiban This classification of agents, also called clot busters, are administered by IV or intra-arterial routes within 3 hours of an acute ischemic stroke or six hours of an acute myocardial infarction to dissolve the clot and reestablish blood flow. - Answer-Fibrinolytics An adverse effect of this drug is called HIT and is characterized by a dangerous decrease in the platelet count. It can be administered by the IV or Sub-Q routes. It is prescribed in units rather than milligrams and is titrated based on lab monitoring of aPTT/PTT. - Answer-Heparin (unfractionated) This anticoagulant drug can cause interactions when taking many other drugs, especially those metabolized by CYP 450. Foods rich in Vitamin K decrease the drugs effectiveness. It works by reducing production of vitamin K dependent clotting factors and is FDA pregnancy Risk Category X. It can take 3days to reach its peak effect. Once in the blood, about 99% of this drug is bound to albumin. Lab monitoring with INR is used to monitor this drug. An INR of 2 to 3 is appropriate for most patients taking this drug, although for some patients the target INR is 3 to 4.5. The antidote for overdose is Vitamin K. - Answer-Warfarin This drug causes irreversible acetylation of cyclooxygenase which inhibits platelet aggregation and prolongs bleeding time. - Answer-Aspirin IV drugs in this classification of drugs inhibit thrombin without interacting with antithrombin and are generally used in coronary angioplasty and cardiopulmonary bypass in those who are unable to tolerate heparin. The oral (PO) drugs in this classification can be used in place of warfarin to prevent embolism in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. No therapeutic drug monitoring is required, reversal treatment is available, and there are lower bleeding rates compared with warfarin. - Answer-Direct Thrombin Inhibitors This drug is an injection that can be self-administered in the home. It can be given on a fixed dose without the need for routine monitoring of coagulation or in the hospital setting, it may be adjusted by weight. - Answer-Lovenox (LMW heparin) This antiplatelet drug inhibits platelet aggregation and can be used to prevent blockage of coronary artery stents. It is also used to prevent MI and stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome - AnswerClopidogrel This classification of drugs, sometimes called super aspirins, are administered IV, and cause reversible blockade of platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptors. They are indicated short-term in acute coronary syndrome and coronary angioplasty and are frequently given in conjunction with aspirin and heparin. - Answer-Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers