AQA A LEVEL CHEMISTRY PAPER
1 June 2024 Exam
Questions and Answers
TOF steps - Answer>> 1) ionisation
2) acceleration
3) ion drift
4) detection
5) analysis
Electron impact - Answer>> Sample vaporised and electron
gun fires high energy electrons at it which knock off 1 electron
from each particle, making them 1+ ions
NB- can knock off more than one e or break molecular ion
electrospray ionization - Answer>> Sample dissolved in volatile
solvent then injected through needle to give fine mist which is
attached to positive end of high voltage power supply, particles
gain proton
NB- Mr of substance is actually one less than shown due to extra
H+
Acceleration (TOF) - Answer>> positive ions accelerated using
electric field so they all have the same kinetic energy
Ion drift (TOF) - Answer>> particles with small mass have
larger velocity do ions start to separate with lightest ions reaching
detector first
Detection (TOF) - Answer>> positive ions hit negatively
charged plate and gain an electron which forms a current, the
larger the current the higher the abundance
, Analysis (TOF) - Answer>> -computer uses data to produce
mass spectrum which shows mass m / charge z ratio
-mr or ar is furthest right peak (small peaks larger than mr are due
to isotopes)
-may be large peaks at lower mr due to fragmentation
Electron spin - Answer>> Property of electron (CW or ACW)
Represented by up and down arrows
Orbitals - Answer>> Defined regions of space around nucleus
where electrons most likely to be found, each orbital holds 2
electrons
Hund's Rule - Answer>> Electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on
their own and only pair up when no empty or bait ask of same
energy are available
Electron configuration - Answer>> 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
3d10 4p6 4d10
exceptions to electron configuration - Answer>> chromium and
copper, only take one electron in 4s orbital
Why does ionization energy decrease down a group? -
Answer>> Atoms get bigger so electrons further away from
nucleus, greater shielding
Why does ionization energy increase across a period? -
Answer>> Atoms get smaller, nuclear charge increases, similar
shielding
1 June 2024 Exam
Questions and Answers
TOF steps - Answer>> 1) ionisation
2) acceleration
3) ion drift
4) detection
5) analysis
Electron impact - Answer>> Sample vaporised and electron
gun fires high energy electrons at it which knock off 1 electron
from each particle, making them 1+ ions
NB- can knock off more than one e or break molecular ion
electrospray ionization - Answer>> Sample dissolved in volatile
solvent then injected through needle to give fine mist which is
attached to positive end of high voltage power supply, particles
gain proton
NB- Mr of substance is actually one less than shown due to extra
H+
Acceleration (TOF) - Answer>> positive ions accelerated using
electric field so they all have the same kinetic energy
Ion drift (TOF) - Answer>> particles with small mass have
larger velocity do ions start to separate with lightest ions reaching
detector first
Detection (TOF) - Answer>> positive ions hit negatively
charged plate and gain an electron which forms a current, the
larger the current the higher the abundance
, Analysis (TOF) - Answer>> -computer uses data to produce
mass spectrum which shows mass m / charge z ratio
-mr or ar is furthest right peak (small peaks larger than mr are due
to isotopes)
-may be large peaks at lower mr due to fragmentation
Electron spin - Answer>> Property of electron (CW or ACW)
Represented by up and down arrows
Orbitals - Answer>> Defined regions of space around nucleus
where electrons most likely to be found, each orbital holds 2
electrons
Hund's Rule - Answer>> Electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on
their own and only pair up when no empty or bait ask of same
energy are available
Electron configuration - Answer>> 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
3d10 4p6 4d10
exceptions to electron configuration - Answer>> chromium and
copper, only take one electron in 4s orbital
Why does ionization energy decrease down a group? -
Answer>> Atoms get bigger so electrons further away from
nucleus, greater shielding
Why does ionization energy increase across a period? -
Answer>> Atoms get smaller, nuclear charge increases, similar
shielding
