Dental Law and Ethics Midterm Questions with 100% Complete Solutions, Rated A+

When was the ADHA oath adopted? - 1979 What are the characteristics of a true profession? - 1.Specialized body of knowledge of value to society 2. Intensive academic course of study 3. Standards of practice 4. External societal recognition 5. Code of Ethics 6. Organized association 7. Service Orientation How is a layperson different from a professional? - By a specialized knowledge that is exclusive to a professional group Know the 4 'true professions - Medicine, Dentistry, Law, Ministry Know the models of professionalism; compare and know their obligations. - Commercial: Dentistry is a COMMODITY; simple selling & buying of services. Dental needs of pt. are not as important as what pt is willing to pay. All DDS's in competition. NO OBLIGATIONS between Pt, DDS, other DDS's or Community. Guild:Dentistry IS ALL KNOWING. Resembles medieval guild where the members of the group controlled all knowledge, skill & competency. It is Paternalistic. OBLIGATION comes from DDS's membership in his/her chosen profession. Interactive:Pt & DDS are equals and have EQUAL MORAL STATUS roles in dental decisions.OBLIGATION for care holds both parties as equals cuz neither can achieve values without the other What is the purpose of accreditation - Developed to protect the public welfare & provide evaluation standards for evaluation of educational programs & schools. What is the name of the accrediting body recognized by the US Dept of Education for accrediting programs - CODA Commission on Dental Accreditation Know the professional traits of a dental hygienist? - Honesty/IntegrityCaring/CompassionReliability & ResponsibilityMaturity & Self analysisLoyaltyInterpersonal CommunicationRespect for othersRespect for self What year was the scope of practice developed? - 1915 Know the difference between Piaget's and Kohlberg's view of cognitive development. - Piaget: 4 sequential STAGES 1)Amoral 2)Egocentric 3)Heteronomous 4)AutonomousKohlberg: Believes in BOTH LEVEL & STAGES. Believes 'thought guides behavior' and in "level' of reasoning.BOTH believe in male oriented Universal Justice, and that moral development is sequential & dependent on an individual's level of cognitive development. Understand Gilligan's 'female ethic of care theory' and what is the principle difference between her theory & the Piaget/Kohlberg theory? - Female and male moral reasoning are different cuz a female develops responsibility based on "caring".Action/decision may be identical to male but basis of being 'ethically required' is different.E.g., Suspected Child Abuse: Male would feel 'duty' to report and move on.Female would feel duty to report is derived from the relationships surrounding the child and the need to protect the interests of the child. Gilligan believes complete moral development occurs in the context of both male justice orientation and a female ethic of care. The principle difference is Gilligan's female ethic of 'caring What factors influence changes in state legislation - Federal Health Legislation Need & demand for dental care Distribution of dental health care providers Goals of organized dental & dental hygiene associations advocacy groups Know the definition of Normative Ethics and provide the 4 principles. - Describes a group of theories that provide, define, and defend a system of rules and principles that determine which actions are right or wrong. (Teleology)1. NonMaleficence 2. Beneficence 3. Autonomy 4. Justice Understand the difference between the following theories and a famous name associated with each: - Consequentialism: An action or rule is right or good insofar as it produces or leads to the maximization of good consequences. Considers how each alternative choice will affect everyone affected before making a decision even if the decision is not in the best interest of the RDH. Teology. Mills. Utilitarianism. Nonconsequentialism: An action is right when it conforms to a judgment or rule of conduct that meets the requirement of some overriding 'duty' (or rule) regardless of consequences. Liken to the 10 commandments. Deontology. Kant. Universal Law. "Do not steal" "Do not cheat"etc. Linked to Autonomy. Virtue Theories: Based on appreciation of the 'goodness' of the person who chooses to do the act or perform the duty. Character. Habits a good person consistently does without thinking about it. Few believe in only one of the above theories. Professional of good character usually develop a belief in parts of each theory. What constitutes an ethical dilemma? Is charging insurance companies for services NOT provided an ethical dilemma - When one or more ethical principles are in conflict. Both ethical principles may be correct when they stand alone but may be in direct conflict with each other. No.... charging for services not provided is simply wrong, unethical & fraud. According to the Cognitive Development Theory, explain how people operate in order to make sense of meanings? - Operate on their 'experiences' in order to make sense of them, not beliefs. Autonomy- - Founded in deontology and based on respect for others and for self. Self-determination, self-governing and self-directing. Chooses thoughts and actions independent of the will of others. The biggest conflict with Autonomy is Paternalism Beneficence; - doing good". Existing harm should be removed and prevented. Doing what is in the best interest of the patient. Doing good every day is a goal of hygienists.Taking only necessary radiographsMaintaining equipment to prevent client injury like replacing worn instrumentsFollowing proper infection control procedures Placing patient's welfare above profit