Anthropology 101 Test Questions with Correct Answers (1)

Anthropology 101 Test Questions with Correct Answers (1) anthropology - Answer-the study of the human species and its immediate ancestors holistic - Answer-encompassing past, present, and future; biology, society, language, and culture culture - Answer-traditions and customs transmitted through learning ethnology - Answer-the study of sociocultural differences and similarities anthropological archaeology - Answer-the study of human behavior through material remains historical particularism - Answer-idea (Boas) that histories are not comparable; diverse paths can lead to the same cultural result functionalism - Answer-approach focusing on the role (function) of sociocultural practices in social systems synchronic - Answer-(studying societies) at one time diachronic - Answer-(studying societies) across time cultural materialism - Answer-idea (Harris) that cultural infrastructure determines structure and superstructure superorganic - Answer-(Kroeber) the special domain of culture, beyond the organic and inorganic realms enculturation - Answer-the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across the generations hominid - Answer-member of hominid family; any fossil or living human, chimp, or gorilla hominins - Answer-hominids excluding the African apes; all the human species that ever have existed particularity - Answer-distinctive or unique culture trait, pattern, or integration subcultures - Answer-different cultural traditions associated with subgroups in the same complex society cultural relativism - Answer-idea that behavior should be evaluated not by outside standards but in the context of the culture in which it occurs diffusion - Answer-borrowing of cultural traits between societies acculturation - Answer-an exchange of cultural features between groups in firsthand contact cultural transmission - Answer-transmission through learning, basic to language displacement - Answer-describing things and events that are not present; basic to language lexicon - Answer-vocabulary; all the morphemes in a language and their meanings Sapir-Whorf hypothesis - Answer-theory that different languages produce different patterns of thought ethnosemantics - Answer-study of lexical (vocabulary) categories and contrasts semantics - Answer-a language's meaning system stratified - Answer-class-structured, with differences in wealth, prestige, and power assimilation - Answer-absorption of minorities within a dominant culture uniformitarianism - Answer-belief that natural forces at work today also explain past events speciation - Answer-formation of new species anthropoids - Answer-monkeys, apes, and humans