BIO 205 LECTURE EXAM 1 Questions With 100% Correct Answers

BIO 205 LECTURE EXAM 1 Questions With 100% Correct Answers Describe Spontaneous Generation and Biogenesis. - answerSpontaneous Generation was discovered by Aristotle that new life comes from non-living inanimate material; biogenesis is that living organisms are required to produce new life. How was Spontaneous Generation disproved? - answerLouis Pasteur developed a special flask in 1864 with a curved neck that allowed air in, but would trap any microorganisms. Pasteur's flask was free from microorganisms, even though it was open to the air. For a year, there was no microbial growth until Pasteur broke the neck of the flask. Then, microorganisms appeared, he proved that life could only come from other life. What is Taxonomy? - answerTaxonomy is the science of classifying and naming organisms. What are the 7 classifications in Taxonomy? - answerKingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species What is binomial nomenclature - answerSystem for giving each organism a two-word Latin name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name. Know how to spell at least 2 Bacterias - answerSalmonella typhi Bacillus badius REMEMBER TO UNDERLINE Whittakers 5 kingdoms and examples of each. - answerMonera (prokaryotes such as blue- green algae), Protista (eukaryote such as ameba), Fungi (multicellular such as mushroom or mold), Animalia (multicellular such as a frog), Plantae (multicellular such as moss) In which domain do each kingdom fit? - answerMonera (bacteria and archaea) Proteista, fungi, plantae, and anamilia (eukarya) Structure and function of cell membrane - answerPhospholipid bi-layer that are selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules that allow them to penetrate by diffusion or active transport. Functions are signal reception, defense against enzyme transport. Structure and function of fimbriae. - answerA type of pili that helps bacteria attach to surfaces; it is found in gram negative (-) bacteria Structure and function of pili. - answerTiny hollow projection used to attach bacteria to surfaces or for congregation. Structure and function of flagella - answerLong thin appendage on a bacterial cell that provides locomotion (movement). Monotrichous - answer1 flagella Amphitrichous - answer1 flagella at each end lophotrichous - answer2 or more flagella at one end or both ends of the cell Perotrichous - answer2 or more flagella all over the surface Axial filaments - answerUsed for mobility inside flagella. "internal flagella" inside cell wall; They contract and cause the cell to rotate; they occur only in spirochetes Define microbiology - answerThe study of microorganisms Microorganism - answerAny organism too small to be viewed by the unaided eye, as bacteria, protozoa, and some fungi and algae Eubacteria - answerTrue bacteria, causes human, animal, and plant disease. Involved in environmental processes. Important roles in industry. Includes cyanbacteria (blue-green algae). Contains polypeptides in cell walls...cocci. Bacilli, spiral forms common, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, E. coli, Streptococcus. Archaebacteria - answerDiscovered in 1977. Lack peptidoglycan in cell wall. Most are cocci, bacilli. Spiral is unusual Fungi - answerSingle celled yeast. Multicellular molds. Forms hyphae (long filaments). Human disease usually not serious, Skin infections; exception is valley fever. Protozoa - answerUnicellular to multicellular. Classified by locomotion (cilia, flagella, and pseudopods or false feet). Algae - answerUnicellular forms. Photosynthetic. Three classes: red, green, brown. Only one human pathogen causes disease; Prototheca (skin infection). Toxin production; red tide. Viruses - answerProtein shell and nucleic acid, Can use RNA or DNA. Requires host cell; parasite. Viroids - answerInfectious RNA molecule Prions - answerInfectious protein